Are non-high–density lipoprotein fractions associated with pediatric metabolic syndrome? The CASPIAN-V study

Table 2 Associations between atherogenic indices and metabolic characteristics: the CASPIAN-V study

Variable	Model	ZBMI	WC	SBP	DBP	TG	HDL-C	LDL-C	TC	FBS
Variable	Model	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)
Non-HDL-C (mg/dl)	Model I	0.001 (0.00)	0.001 (0.00)	0.001(0.00)	0.00(0.00)	0.80(0.02)^*	0.01 (0.00)^*	0.83(0.00)^*	1.01(0.00)^*	0.02(0.00)^*
	Model II	0.001(0.00)	0.01 (0.00)	0.01(0.00)	0.00 (0.00)	0.79 (0.02)^*	0.01 (0.00)	0.84(0.00)^*	1.01(0.00)^*	0.02(0.00)^*
	Model III	–	–	0.00(0.00)	0.00(0.00)	0.78(0.02)^*	0.01 (0.00)	0.84(0.00)^*	1.01(0.00)^*	0.02(0.00)^*
Diff-C (mg/dl)	Model I	0.001(0.00)^*	0.03 (0.02)	0.03(0.02)	0.02(0.01)	0.23(0.04)^*	−0.28(0.01)^*	0.25(0.04)^*	0.96(0.04)^*	0.22(0.02)^*
	Model II	0.001 (0.00)^*	0.04(0.02)	0.03(0.02)	0.02(0.01)	0.20(0.03)^*	−0.30(0.01)^*	0.29(0.04)^*	0.98(0.05)^*	0.22(0.02)^*
	Model III	–	–	0.01(0.02)	0.01(0.01)	0.19(0.02)^*	−0.29(0.01)^*	0.29(0.04)^*	0.99(0.05)^*	0.22(0.02)^*
Atherogenic index	Model I	0.04(0.01)^*	0.28(0.14)	0.17(0.15)	0.14(0.12)	30.92(0.22)^*	−3.88(0.10)^*	0.10(0.27)	2.40(0.32)^*	1.30(0.14)^*
	Model II	0.03(0.01)^*	0.26(0.13)	0.11(0.15)	0.14(0.12)	30.60(0.24)^*	−3.99(0.11)^*	0.26(0.29)	2.39(0.35)^*	1.30(0.15)^*
	Model III	–	–	0.00(0.15)	0.06(0.12)	30.57(0.24)^*	−3.98(0.11)^*	0.26(0.29)	2.39(0.35)^*	1.31(0.15)^*

^* Statistically significant, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BP blood pressure, TG triglycerides, FBG fasting blood glucose, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, WC waist circumference, zBMI z score of body mass index
Non–HDL-C concentration was calculated by subtracting HDL-C value from total cholesterol concentration
Diff-C was defined as the difference between total amount of non-HDL cholesterol and LDL-C (Diff-C = [non-HDL-C]-[LDL-C]). Atherogenic index as the ratio between TG and HDL-C concentrations
Model I: crude model
Model II: adjusted for age, sex, living area, screen time, SES and physical activity
Model III: additionally adjusted for BMI except for zBMI and WC

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