| Low back pain (+) (n = 1889) | Low back pain (−) (n = 86,872) | p valuea | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||||
 40–49 | 626 | 33.1 | 39,403 | 45.4 | <  0.001 |
 50–59 | 863 | 45.7 | 34,049 | 39.2 | |
 60–64 | 400 | 21.2 | 13,420 | 15.4 | |
Height (cm) | 156.9 (6.5) | 157.2 (6.3) | 0.062 | ||
Weight (kg) | 57.7 (10.8) | 55.7 (10.3) | <  0.001 | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||
 <  18.5 | 138 | 7.3 | 9474 | 10.9 | <  0.001 |
 18.5–24.9 | 1200 | 63.5 | 58,904 | 67.8 | |
 ≥ 25 | 551 | 29.2 | 18,494 | 21.3 | |
Physical activity (min/day) | |||||
 ≥ 60 | 643 | 34.0 | 26,810 | 30.9 | 0.003 |
 <  60 | 1246 | 66.0 | 60,062 | 69.1 | |
Smoking status | |||||
 None | 1327 | 70.2 | 64,220 | 73.9 | 0.001 |
 Former | 149 | 7.9 | 5735 | 6.6 | |
 Current | 413 | 21.9 | 16,917 | 19.5 | |
Alcohol intake | |||||
 None | 1099 | 58.2 | 49,307 | 56.7 | 0.250 |
 Sometimes | 521 | 27.6 | 24,037 | 27.7 | |
 Everyday | 269 | 14.2 | 13,528 | 15.6 | |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | |||||
 Normal (<  140) | 1278 | 67.7 | 62,129 | 71.5 | <  0.001 |
 High (≥ 140) | 611 | 32.3 | 24,743 | 28.5 | |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | |||||
 Normal (≥ 40) | 1828 | 96.8 | 85,092 | 98.0 | <  0.001 |
 Low (<  40) | 61 | 3.3 | 1780 | 2.0 | |
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio | |||||
 Low (<  2.5) | 1398 | 74.0 | 69,350 | 79.8 | <  0.001 |
 High (≥ 2.5) | 491 | 26.0 | 17,522 | 20.2 |