Fig. 1

Immunofluorescent analysis of fetuin-A level and its modulation by exercise in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of obese subjects with and without diabetes. a Representative confocal immunofluorescence images illustrating the presence of fetuin-A in SAT from obese subjects without and with diabetes (n = 10 for each group). Densitometry quantification of SAT staining was performed as mentioned in the Materials and Methods section. The p value was determined using Mann–Whitney test for comparisons between the groups and using a paired t-test for intragroup comparisons before and after exercise. * p < 0.05 between diabetes and non-diabetes groups, # p < 0.05 between before and after exercise. b Confocal microscopy showing fetuin-A localising in vesicular-like structures in the thin rim of cytoplasm