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Table 5 Impact of Spray drying conditions on eicosapentaenoic fatty acids retention in designer egg dried powder at different days and storage intervals

From: Fatty acids characterization and oxidative stability of spray dried designer egg powder

Spray dryer process run

Independent variables

EPA (mg/50 g egg)

Inlet air temperature (°C)

Feed flow rate (mL/hr)

Atomization speed (rpm)

Outlet temperature (°C)

0 Day

Storage at Temperature 4 °C

Storage at Temperature 25 °C

30 Days

60 Days

30 Days

60 Days

1

160 (−1)

300 (0)

16,000 (− 1)

70 (0)

14.51 ± 0.46a

13.22 ± 0.41ab

9.76 ± 0.41cd

10.92 ± 0.41c

5.14 ± 0.44ef

2

180 (0)

200 (−1)

20,000 (0)

60 (−1)

13.55 ± 0.38ab

12.15 ± 0.35b

8.81 ± 0.35d

9.91 ± 0.35cd

4.75 ± 0.32f

3

180 (0)

300 (0)

16,000 (−1)

80 (+ 1)

13.22 ± 0.34ab

12.11 ± 0.32b

8.40 ± 0.32d

9.84 ± 0.32cd

4.72 ± 0.31f

4

180 (0)

400 (+ 1)

20,000 (0)

60 (−1)

14.25 ± 0.41a

13.05 ± 0.40ab

9.42 ± 0.40cd

10.89 ± 0.40c

5.69 ± 0.34ef

5

180 (0)

200 (−1)

16,000 (− 1)

70 (0)

13.45 ± 0.39ab

12.19 ± 0.35b

5.58 ± 0.35ef

9.86 ± 0.35cd

4.88 ± 0.32f

6

160 (−1)

300 (0)

24,000 (+ 1)

70 (0)

13.05 ± 0.33ab

12.00 ± 0.31b

8.82 ± 0.31d

9.00 ± 0.31cd

4.75 ± 0.29f

7(C1)

180 (0)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

13.09 ± 0.34ab

12.03 ± 0.32b

8.86 ± 0.32d

9.74 ± 0.32cd

4.65 ± 0.30f

8(C2)

180 (0)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

13.10 ± 0.38ab

12.15 ± 0.37b

8.87 ± 0.37d

9.72 ± 0.37cd

4.61 ± 0.31f

9

180 (0)

300 (0)

24,000 (+ 1)

60 (−1)

13.05 ± 0.39ab

12.11 ± 0.35b

8.83 ± 0.35d

9.82 ± 0.35cd

4.67 ± 0.38f

10

200 (+ 1)

300 (0)

24,000 (+ 1)

70 (0)

11.53 ± 0.29bc

10.05 ± 0.21c

6.90 ± 0.21e

7.99 ± 0.21de

2.91 ± 0.27g

11(C3)

180 (0)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

13.11 ± 0.33ab

12.18 ± 0.30b

8.81 ± 0.30d

9.91 ± 0.30cd

4.62 ± 0.29f

12(C4)

180 (0)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

13.12 ± 0.38ab

12.11 ± 0.33b

8.82 ± 0.33d

9.92 ± 0.33cd

4.63 ± 0.31f

13

180 (0)

200 (−1)

20,000 (0)

80 (+ 1)

12.15 ± 0.28b

11.09 ± 0.22bc

7.11 ± 0.22de

8.00 ± 0.22d

3.89 ± 0.18fg

14

200 (+ 1)

400 (+ 1)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

12.72 ± 0.26b

11.18 ± 0.20bc

7.71 ± 0.20de

8.82 ± 0.20d

3.35 ± 0.23fg

15

160 (−1)

400 (+ 1)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

14.25 ± 0.45a

13.03 ± 0.41ab

9.15 ± 0.41cd

10.45 ± 0.41c

5.88 ± 0.28ef

16

180 (0)

400 (+ 1)

20,000 (0)

80 (+ 1)

12.93 ± 0.29b

11.53 ± 0.21bc

7.35 ± 0.21de

8.83 ± 0.21d

3.37 ± 0.32fg

17

160 (−1)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

80 (+ 1)

13.24 ± 0.35ab

12.06 ± 0.33b

8.34 ± 0.33d

9.91 ± 0.33cd

4.67 ± 0.39f

18

200 (+ 1)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

80 (+ 1)

11.75 ± 0.27bc

10.02 ± 0.21c

6.98 ± 0.21e

7.11 ± 0.21de

2.29 ± 0.15g

19

160 (−1)

200 (−1)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

13.45 ± 0.39ab

12.19 ± 0.31b

8.31 ± 0.31d

9.91 ± 0.31cd

4.22 ± 0.21f

20

180 (0)

400 (+ 1)

16,000 (−1)

70 (0)

14.26 ± 0.42a

13.10 ± 0.40ab

9.34 ± 0.40cd

10.13 ± 0.40c

5.67 ± 0.23ef

21

180 (0)

300 (0)

24,000 (+ 1)

80 (+ 1)

11.78 ± 0.31bc

10.35 ± 0.28c

6.70 ± 0.28e

7.00 ± 0.28de

2.18 ± 0.14g

22

180 (0)

300 (0)

16,000 (−1)

60 (− 1)

14.55 ± 0.46a

13.10 ± 0.37ab

9.59 ± 0.37cd

10.33 ± 0.37c

5.91 ± 0.27ef

23

180 (0)

400 (+ 1)

24,000 (+ 1)

70 (0)

12.72 ± 0.34b

11.31 ± 0.32bc

7.93 ± 0.32de

8.82 ± 0.32d

3.89 ± 0.30fg

24

160 (− 1)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

60 (−1)

14.55 ± 0.41a

13.13 ± 0.38ab

9.83 ± 0.38cd

10.81 ± 0.38c

5.86 ± 0.25ef

25(C5)

180 (0)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

13.08 ± 0.33ab

12.14 ± 0.30b

8.85 ± 0.30d

9.71 ± 0.30cd

4.51 ± 0.21f

26

200 (+ 1)

300 (0)

16,000 (− 1)

70 (0)

13.05 ± 0.37ab

12.31 ± 0.31b

8.01 ± 0.31d

9.09 ± 0.31cd

4.42 ± 0.28f

27

180 (0)

200 (−1)

24,000 (+ 1)

70 (0)

11.95 ± 0.29bc

10.72 ± 0.22c

6.02 ± 0.22e

7.22 ± 0.22de

2.39 ± 0.11g

28

200 (+ 1)

200 (−1)

20,000 (0)

70 (0)

11.94 ± 0.32bc

10.70 ± 0.29c

6.00 ± 0.29e

7.73 ± 0.29de

2.26 ± 0.19g

29

200 (+ 1)

300 (0)

20,000 (0)

60 (−1)

13.05 ± 0.36ab

12.10 ± 0.31b

8.11 ± 0.31d

9.71 ± 0.31cd

4.54 ± 0.36f

  1. C1,C2,C3,C4,C5represent spraying drying process at center points
  2. Experimental model = Box-Behnken design
  3. Total number of spray drying treatments = 29
  4. No of replicates = 03
  5. a-gvalues with similar letters show homogenous group within row and column (p > 0.05)