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Table 4 Ordinal logistic regression analysis for serum lipid levels and serum vitamin D level groups

From: Association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D with HDL-cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk biomarkers in subjects with non-cardiac chest pain

Estimate Standard error Wald Odd ratio (95% confidence interval) P-value*

Triglycerides (TGs)

Model 1

Estimate

Standard error

Wald

Odd ratio (95% confidence interval)

P-value*

 Vitamin D status 1

1.99

1.31

2.31

7.34 (0.56–96.04)

0.13

 Vitamin D status 2

3.52

1.36

6.71

33.70 (2.35–482.75)

0.01

 High TGs

 Normal TGs (Ref.)

−0.77

0.47

2.67

0.46 (0.18–1.17)

0.10

 Age

0.03

0.02

1.28

1.03 (0.98–1.07)

0.26

 Male gender

 Female gender (Ref.)

−0.11

0.49

0.05

0.90 (0.34–2.34)

0.82

 Education:

 Below high school

 High school or above (Ref.)

0.14

0.49

0.08

1.15 (0.44–2.97)

0.78

Model 2

 Vitamin D status 1

− 3.29

1.94

2.88

0.04 (0.001–1.67)

0.09

 Vitamin D status 2

−1.66

1.94

0.73

0.19 (0.004–8.52)

0.39

 High TGs

 Normal TGs (Ref.)

−0.78

0.55

2.01

0.46 (0.16–1.35)

0.16

 Smoking

 Non-smoking (Ref.)

−0.17

0.59

0.09

0.84 (0.27–2.65)

0.77

 HbA1c

−0.61

0.33

3.55

0.54 (0.29–1.03)

0.06

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)

Model 1

 Vitamin D status 1

2.19

1.39

2.50

8.92 (0.59–134.67)

0.11

 Vitamin D status 2

3.73

1.43

6.81

41.66 (2.53–685.79)

0.01

 Low HDL-C

 Normal HDL-C (Ref.)

−1.09

0.52

4.47

0.34 (0.12–0.92)

0.04

 Age

0.03

0.02

1.44

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

0.23

 Male gender

 Female gender (Ref.)

0.19

0.54

0.13

1.21 (0.42–3.49)

0.72

 Education:

 Below high school

 High school or above (Ref.)

0.25

0.49

0.25

1.28 (0.49–3.37)

0.62

Model 2

 Vitamin D status 1

−3.80

2.03

3.50

0.02 (0.00–1.20)

0.06

 Vitamin D status 2

−2.13

2.02

1.12

0.12 (0.00–6.20)

0.29

 Low HDL-C

 Normal HDL-C (Ref.)

−1.13

0.56

4.02

0.32 (0.11–0.98)

< 0.05

 Smoking

 Non-smoking (Ref.)

0.03

0.59

0.00

1.03 (0.32–3.31)

0.96

 HbA1c

−0.67

0.33

3.99

0.51 (0.27–0.99)

< 0.05

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)

Model 1

 Vitamin D status 1

2.41

1.35

3.17

11.01 (0.78–156.91)

0.08

 Vitamin D status 2

3.91

1.40

7.81

49.81 (3.21–772.72)

0.01

 High LDL-C

 Normal LDL (Ref.)

0.31

0.47

0.44

1.36 (0.55–3.38)

0.51

 Age

0.02

0.02

1.16

1.02 (0.98–1.07)

0.28

 Male gender

 Female gender (Ref.)

−0.28

0.49

0.34

0.75 (0.29–1.95)

0.56

Education:

 Below high school

 High school or above (Ref.)

0.12

0.48

0.06

1.13 (0.44–2.90)

0.80

Model 2

 Vitamin D status 1

−3.38

2.03

2.79

0.03 (0.00–1.80)

0.10

 Vitamin D status 2

−1.80

2.03

0.78

0.17 (0.00–8.88)

0.38

 High LDL-C

 Normal LDL-C (Ref.)

0.19

0.56

0.11

1.21 (0.40–3.62)

0.74

 Smoking

 Non-smoking (Ref.)

−0.22

0.58

0.15

0.80 (0.26–2.47)

0.70

 HbA1c

−0.71

0.34

4.24

0.49 (0.25–0.97)

0.04

  1. *Ordinal logistic regression analysis (ordinal dependent variable was vitamin D status: deficient, insufficient and sufficient vitamin D levels in order). We used two models of logistic regression using two groups of co-variables. Model 1 included age, gender, education level and type of lipid as co-variables while model 2 included smoking, HbA1c and type of lipid as co-variables. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. TGs triglycerides, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X