Table 1 Baseline characteristics

Age (year)

55.96 ± 11.90

59.87 ± 12.31

55.38 ± 11.79

0.174

Gender

0.145

 Male

73 (62.4)

7 (46.7)

66 (64.7)

 Female

44 (37.6)

8 (53.3)

36 (35.3)

BMI (kg/m²)

23.60 ± 2.51

24.01 ± 1.82

23.54 ± 2.60

0.440

Child score (n, %)

7.39 ± 1.43

8.53 ± 1.64

7.23 ± 1.33

< 0.01^**

 A

33 (28.2)

2 (13.3)

31 (30.4)

 B

74 (63.2)

8 (53.3)

66 (64.7)

 C

10 (8.6)

5 (33.3)

5 (4.9)

MELD score

9.75 ± 1.80

11.67 ± 1.72

9.67 ± 1.63

< 0.001^***

Etiology (n, %)

0.067

 Virus

53 (45.3)

5 (33.3)

59 (47.1)

 Others

64 (54.7)

10 (66.7)

43 (42.2)

  Schistosome

10

2

8

  PBC

4

2

2

  Alcoholic

9

1

8

  Autoimmune

6

1

5

  NAFLD

6

1

5

  Unknown

18

3

15

Smoking history (n, %)

25 (21.4)

5 (33.3)

20 (19.6)

0.188

Drinking history (n, %)

14 (12.0)

3 (20)

11 (10.8)

0.257

Extent of PVT (n, %)

0.655

 MPV or branches

44 (37.6)

4 (26.7)

40 (39.2)

 SMV/SV

61 (52.1)

9 (60)

52 (60)

 Cavernous

12 (10.3)

2 (13.3)

10 (9.8)

Degree of PVT (n, %)

0.243

 Partial

57 (48.7)

7 (46.7)

50 (49.0)

 Complete

48 (41.0)

6 (40)

42 (41.2)

 Cavernous

12 (10.3)

2 (13.3)

10 (9.8)

Ascites (n, %)

0.073

 Mild

23 (19.7)

2 (13.3)

21 (20.6)

 Moderate

32 (27.4)

1 (6.7)

31 (30.4)

 Severe

62 (52.9)

12 (80.0)

50 (49.0)

Splenectomy history (n, %)

56 (47.9)

4 (26.7)

52 (51.0)

0.100

Prothrombotic (n, %)

0.052

 Protein C deficiency

2 (1.7)

1 (6.7)

1 (1.0)

 Protein S deficiency

5 (4.3)

2 (13.3)

3 (2.9)

 JAK2V617F mutation

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Others

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

Treatment (n, %)

0.065

 TIPS

57 (48.7)

6 (40)

51 (50)

 EBL+ propranolol

34 (29.1)

2 (13.3)

32 (31.4)

 Others

26 (22.2)

7 (46.7)

19 (18.6)

Anticoagulant (n, %)

83 (70.9)

13 (86.7)

70 (68.6)

0.225

Indication for TIPS (n, %)

0.893

 Variceal bleeding

12 (12/57)

1 (1/6)

11 (11/51)

 Ascites

4 (4/57)

0 (0/6)

4 (4/51)

 PVT

6 (6/57)

1 (1/6)

5 (5/51)

 PVT and bleeding

35 (35/57)

4 (4/6)

31 (31/51)

PVT progression (n, %)

0.131

 Improved

19 (16.2)

4 (33.3)

15 (18.6)

 Stable

34 (29.1)

4 (26.7)

30 (29.4)

 Worsened

10 (8.6)

3 (20)

7 (23.6)

 Unknown

54 (46.2)

4 (26.7)

50 (49.0)

Causes of death (n, %)

–

 Liver failure

–

7 (46.7)

–

 GI bleeding

–

5 (33.3)

–

 Encephalopathy

–

3 (20)

–

1-year mortality rate (%)

12.8%

–

–

–

 INR

1.3 (1,3.4)

1.26(1.12,1.66)

1.3 (1,3.4)

0.220

 Platelet (*10^9/L)

111 (22,416)

95 (30,276)

125 (22,416)

0.835

 WBC (*10^9/L)

4.2 (0.7,32.4)

5.1 (1.1,32.4)

4.2 (0.7,28)

0.264

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

79 (43,152)

92 (56,152)

78.5 (43,148)

0.160

 Bilirubin (umol/L)

18.6(3.9133.6)

26.2(8.9133.6)

17.6 (3.9116)

0.011^*

 Albumin (g/L)

32.34 ± 4.17

30.12 ± 5.18

32.62 ± 4.03

0.033^*

 ALT (U/L)

18.4(4.6162.4)

23.9 (8.1,44.9)

17.65(4.6162.4)

0.403

 AST (U/L)

29.8(9.9230.1)

37.4 (19,114.3)

28.55(9.9230.1)

0.065

 AST/ALT ratio

1.48 (0.63,6.6)

1.75(0.93,4.62)

1.47(0.63,6.6)

0.142

 CRP (mg/L)

5.1 (0.2137.7)

21.2 (1.2,77.7)

4.4(0.2137.7)

< 0.01^**

 Creatinine (umol/L)

60 (32,210)

63 (37,111)

60 (32,210)

0.744

 Triglyceride (mmol/L)

0.68(0.16,4.93)

0.83(0.43,1.29)

0.67(0.16,4.93)

0.095

 Cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.04 (1.2,5.7)

2.75(1.66,4.63)

3.06 (1.2,5.7)

0.841

 HDL-C (mmol/L)

0.81(0.14,1.92)

0.40(0.14,0.96)

0.83(0.16,1.92)

< 0.01^**

 LDL-C (mmol/L)

1.58(0.58,3.88)

1.60(0.66,3.02)

1.58(0.58,3.88)

0.708