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Table 2 Associations with self-reported depression for all 292 T1D patients and gender specifically

From: Lower HDL-cholesterol, a known marker of cardiovascular risk, was associated with depression in type 1 diabetes: a cross sectional study

 

Depression (HADS ≥8p)

 

All

N = 292

Men

N = 162

Women

N = 130

Controlled for antidepressants

Controlled for antidepressants

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

 

COR

P

AOR

P a

AOR

P a

AOR

P a

AOR

P a

Gender (women)

1.1 (0.5–2.3)

0.80

1.3 (0.6–3.0)

0.48

1.1 (0.5–2.7)

0.79

–

–

–

–

Age (per year)

1.03 (1.00–1.07)

0.081

1.05 (1.01–1.10)

0.012

1.05 (1.00–1.09)

0.028

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

0.22

–

–

Diabetes duration (per year)

1.01 (0.98–1.04)

0.50

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

High HbA1c (> 70 mmol/mol)

2.6 (1.2–5.6)

0.015

2.5 (1.1–5.5)

0.025

2.1 (0.9–4.9)

0.092

–

–

2.9 (0.8–10.2)

0.098

Total cholesterol (per mmol/l)

0.7 (0.5–1.1)

0.16

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Triglycerides (per mmol/l)

1.3 (0.9–1.9)

0.21

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l)

0.2 (0.1–0.8)

0.016

0.2 (0.05–0.6)

0.007

0.2 (0.04–0.6)

0.007

–

–

0.2 (0.03–1.2)

0.083

LDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l)

0.9 (0.5–1.4)

0.55

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hs-CRP c (per mg/l)

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

0.49

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Abdominal obesity

1.3 (0.5–3.4)

0.53

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

BMI (kg/m2) (4 weight classes)

–

0.29

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

SBP (per mm Hg)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.95

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

DBP (per mm Hg)

1.00 (0.95–1.06)

0.86

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hypoglycemia (severe episodes)

1.6 (0.3–7.7)

0.54

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Smoking

2.0 (0.7–5.8)

0.19

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Physical inactivity (<  0.5 h/week)

1.8 (0.6–5.0)

0.29

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Physical activity (4 levels)

–

0.52

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Clinical psychiatric diagnosis

10.8 (4.7–24.8)

< 0.001

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Antidepressants

9.6 (3.7–24.6)

< 0.001

–

–

8.1 (3.0–21.9)

< 0.001

10.6 (2.8–40.3)

0.001

5.8 (1.4–23.9)

0.014

LLD

1.02 (0.5–2.2)

0.96

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

AHD

1.2 (0.5–2.6)

0.67

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Insulin and OAD

0.5 (0.1–4.1)

0.54

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

  1. aMultiple logistic regression analysis (Backward: Wald). All (not controlled for antidepressants)/all (controlled for antidepressants)/men/women: Hosmer and Lemeshow Test: 0.912 / 0.376/0.265/0.921; Nagelkerke R Square: 0.121/0.223/0.132/0.236