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Fig. 2 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 2

From: Lipopolysaccharide and palmitic acid synergistically induced MCP-1 production via MAPK-meditated TLR4 signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells

Fig. 2

Time course of MCP-1 secretion and mRNA expression by RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS, PA, or LPS plus PA. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1 ng/ml of LPS, 100 μM of PA, or LPS plus PA for different times as indicated. At each time point, culture medium was collected and RNA isolated from cells. MCP-1 in culture medium (a) and MCP-1 mRNA in cells (b) were quantified using ELISA and real-time PCR, respectively. The data from three independent experiments are represented as mean ± SD, and the MCP-1 secretion was showed by the fold of control. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA were applied to determine the statistical significance. c The effect of LPS or the combination of LPS and PA on MCP-1 mRNA transcription. RAW264.7 cells were treated with 1 ng/ml LPS or 1 ng/ml LPS plus 100 μM PA for 12 h, followed by addition of 10 μg/ml actinomycin D The cells were harvested after the addition of actinomycin D for 2 h, and MCP-1 mRNA was quantified using real-time PCR. Student's t test were used. *** P < 0.01. The data were represented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments

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