Table 1 Subgroup analysis of dietary total fat and major fat subclasses and risk of cardiovascular disease
| Â | Dietary total fat | Trans fat | Saturated fatty acid | Monounsaturated fatty acid | Polyunsaturated fatty acid | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | HR(95%CI) | I2 (%) | N | HR(95%CI) | I2 (%) | N | HR(95%CI) | I2 (%) | N | HR(95%CI) | I2 (%) | N | HR(95%CI) | I2 (%) | |
Overall | 45 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 54.0 | 24 | 1.14 (1.08–1.21) | 26.1 | 56 | 0.97 (0.93–1.02) | 56.8 | 43 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 50.3 | 45 | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 55.8 |
Follow-up duration (years) | |||||||||||||||
 < 10 | 15 | 0.97 (0.88–1.08) | 49.0 | 10 | 1.20 (1.10–1.30) | 0.0 | 19 | 0.97 (0.89–1.05) | 48.8 | 12 | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 51.3 | 15 | 1.03 (0.94–1.13) | 34.0 |
 ≥ 10 | 30 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 57.0 | 14 | 1.11 (1.02–1.19) | 38.2 | 37 | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 60.9 | 31 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 50.5 | 30 | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 62.4 |
Geographical location | |||||||||||||||
 America | 23 | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 63.2 | 17 | 1.13 (1.06–1.21) | 24.2 | 24 | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) | 58.8 | 20 | 0.94 (0.88–1.02) | 59.7 | 20 | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 60.5 |
 Europe | 14 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 50.2 | 7 | 1.16 (1.04–1.31) | 40.0 | 21 | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 49.5 | 16 | 1.01 (0.95–1.06) | 42.8 | 18 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 27.6 |
 Asia | 6 | 1.01 (0.80–1.28) | 27.6 | 0 | – | – | 9 | 0.84 (0.73–0.97) | 42.3 | 5 | 0.90 (0.64–1.27) | 33.3 | 5 | 1.09 (0.86–1.39) | 0.0 |
Adjust for age | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 32 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 48.4 | 16 | 1.13 (1.03–1.23) | 35.1 | 43 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 57.9 | 30 | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | 42.7 | 33 | 0.99 (0.95–1.02) | 48.9 |
 No | 13 | 0.93 (0.86–1.01) | 53.0 | 8 | 1.16 (1.06–1.28) | 9.5 | 13 | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) | 53.5 | 13 | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 51.2 | 12 | 0.91 (0.81–1.03) | 43.3 |
Adjust for sex | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 8 | 1.01 (0.93–1.09) | 61.8 | 6 | 1.07 (0.96–1.69) | 0.2 | 21 | 0.94 (0.87–1.02) | 72.6 | 13 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 63.2 | 14 | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 9.1 |
 No | 22 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 43.2 | 18 | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | 30.4 | 35 | 1.00 (0.94–1.05) | 37.4 | 30 | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 42.7 | 31 | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 64.8 |
Adjust for alcohol | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 12 | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 59.5 | 20 | 1.13 (1.06–1.19) | 24.5 | 41 | 0.97 (0.92–1.02) | 51.7 | 29 | 0.98 (0.93–1.02) | 47.5 | 30 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 64.8 |
 No | 33 | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 46.6 | 4 | 1.30 (1.06–1.61) | 23.2 | 15 | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 60.7 | 14 | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 58.2 | 15 | 0.99 (0.93–1.01) | 18.4 |
Adjust for energy intake | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 32 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 62.0 | 18 | 1.16 (1.08–1.25) | 26.3 | 40 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 64.5 | 30 | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) | 57.2 | 31 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 54.0 |
 No | 13 | 1.00 (0.94–1.06) | 12.4 | 6 | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 11.1 | 16 | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 6.0 | 13 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 12.9 | 14 | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 27.2 |
Adjust for physical activity | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 33 | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) | 56.1 | 19 | 1.14 (1.06–1.22) | 38.3 | 43 | 0.96 (0.92–1.01) | 49.8 | 31 | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 42.2 | 32 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 59.5 |
 No | 12 | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 22.2 | 5 | 1.15 (1.02–1.30) | 0.0 | 13 | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 60.6 | 12 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 41.5 | 13 | 1.01 (0.99–1.02) | 0.0 |
Adjust for smoking | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 41 | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 57.0 | 22 | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | 28.0 | 52 | 0.97 (0.92–1.01) | 58.3 | 40 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 51.8 | 42 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 58.0 |
 No | 4 | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) | 0.0 | 2 | 1.08 (0.98–1.20) | 0.0 | 4 | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 1.0 | 3 | 1.08 (0.80–1.46) | 33.1 | 3 | 0.88 (0.67–1.15) | 0.0 |
Adjust for body mass index | |||||||||||||||
 Yes | 35 | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 56.4 | 23 | 1.14 (1.07–1.21) | 29.4 | 43 | 0.97 (0.91–1.02) | 58.1 | 36 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 50.3 | 37 | 0.96 (0.93–1.01) | 59.1 |
 No | 10 | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 48.1 | 1 | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | – | 13 | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 55.6 | 7 | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 51.0 | 8 | 1.01 (0.87–1.17) | 39.8 |