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Table 2 Effects of plant sterol and Omega-3 supplementation on variables

From: A combination of omega-3 and plant sterols regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with impaired glucose regulation: a randomized and controlled clinical trial

Variables

Placebo

PS

Omega-3

PS + Omega-3

Main effect of PS

P value

Main effect of Omega-3

P value

Interaction

P value

Post

Difference

Post

Difference

Post

Difference

Post

Difference

Weight (kg)

68.97 ± 10.89

−0.85 ± 3.62

68.24 ± 8.14

−1.28 ± 9.14

68.13 ± 11.17

− 1.41 ± 1.91

67.35 ± 10.34

−2.26 ± 2.81

− 0.64

0.47

−0.77

0.38

−0.21

0.81

BMI (kg/m2)

26.13 ± 3.8

−0.33 ± 1.33

25.74 ± 4.24

−0.45 ± 3.43

25.19 ± 2.89

−0.50 ± 0.71

25.59 ± 3.55

−0.84 ± 1.02

− 0.23

0.47

− 0.28

0.39

− 0.11

0.73

Waistline (cm)

93.96 ± 9.99

−0.88 ± 5.84

90.77 ± 9.30

0.67 ± 6.04

88.50 ± 9.22

−1.90 ± 3.86

88.88 ± 10.32

−1.97 ± 4.21

0.74

0.40

−1.83

0.04*

−0.81

0.35

Systolic pressure (mmHg)

130.57 ± 13.22

−1.79 ± 14.71

140.23 ± 18.33

2.80 ± 20.50

135.49 ± 12.87

−1.20 ± 16.82

139.44 ± 20.99

0.68 ± 20.85

3.235

0.32

− 0.77

0.81

−1.36

0.68

Diastolic pressure (mmHg)

82.5 ± 12.08

−1.57 ± 7.52

82.33 ± 9.44

−3.3 ± 14.66

79.94 ± 8.86

−5.97 ± 8.23

81.54 ± 10.87

−3.1 ± 8.76

0.57

0.75

−2.10

0.23

2.30

0.19

FPG (mmol/l)

6.43 ± 0.86

−0.06 ± 0.8

6.92 ± 1.01

0.47 ± 0.96

6.34 ± 1.06

−0.21 ± 1.19

5.56 ± 0.62

−0.94 ± 0.66

−0.1

0.55

−0.78

0.01**

−0.63

0.01**

FINS (mU/L)

10.25 ± 3.9

−0.02 ± 3.67

9.57 ± 2.96

−0.58 ± 4.46

9.45 ± 3.87

−0.40 ± 2.25

8.12 ± 3.45

−2.09 ± 2.95

−1.125

0.06

−0.95

0.11

−0.57

0.33

HOMA-IR

2.93 ± 1.17

−0.03 ± 1.04

2.96 ± 1.18

0.06 ± 1.45

2.72 ± 1.34

−0.14 ± 0.70

2.00 ± 0.89

−0.96 ± 0.98

−0.365

0.05*

−0.57

0.00**

−0.46

0.01**

HbA1c (%)

6.35 ± 0.68

−0.15 ± 0.42

6.34 ± 0.92

0.13 ± 1.11

6.15 ± 0.78

−0.14 ± 0.55

6.01 ± 0.73

−0.35 ± 0.51

0.035

0.78

−0.24

0.05*

−0.25

0.05*

TC (mmol/l)

5.23 ± 0.89

−1.73 ± 2.07

5.61 ± 0.95

0.18 ± 1.35

5.05 ± 0.70

−0.33 ± 0.48

4.96 ± 1.16

−0.39 ± 0.87

0.925

0.24

0.42

0.06

−0.99

0.06

TG (mmol/l)

1.82 ± 0.6

−0.23 ± 0.46

1.96 ± 1.27

−0.11 ± 1.32

1.95 ± 0.81

0.16 ± 0.95

1.73 ± 0.64

−0.34 ± 0.77

−0.19

0.01**

0.08

0.61

−0.31

0.01**

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.10 ± 0.22

−0.12 ± 0.12

1.16 ± 0.19

0.01 ± 0.30

1.21 ± 0.18

0.02 ± 0.19

1.27 ± 0.29

−0.1 ± 0.31

0.005

0.90

0.02

0.73

−0.13

0.05*

LDL-C (mmol/l)

3.02 ± 0.77

−0.09 ± 0.45

2.79 ± 0.78

0.22 ± 1.34

2.92 ± 0.55

−0.08 ± 0.78

2.83 ± 0.88

−0.14 ± 0.75

0.125

0.42

−0.18

0.25

−0.19

0.22

Hs-CRP (mg/L)

1.88 ± 0.53

0.4 ± 0.89

1.08 ± 0.46

−0.05 ± 0.39

0.95 ± 0.43

−0.15 ± 0.59

0.93 ± 0.38

−0.18 ± 0.59

−0.24

0.03*

−0.34

0.03*

0.21

0.06

IL-6 (pg/ml)

3.05 ± 0.87

0.02 ± 1.61

2.49 ± 1.41

−0.33 ± 1.36

2.53 ± 1.37

−0.45 ± 1.7

2.45 ± 1.38

−0.4 ± 1.76

−0.15

0.59

−0.27

0.35

0.20

0.48

Body fat rate (%)

32.28 ± 8.84

−0.39 ± 3.9

28.43 ± 7.13

−0.83 ± 4.74

27.68 ± 5.82

−1.12 ± 4.75

28.11 ± 8.40

−1.76 ± 2.34

−0.54

0.44

−0.83

0.23

−0.1

0.89

Visceral fat rating

11.86 ± 4.49

−0.21 ± 1.55

11.03 ± 4.17

−0.43 ± 3.62

11.14 ± 4.38

−0.83 ± 1.25

11.27 ± 4.49

−0.8 ± 1.47

−0.095

0.79

−0.495

0.19

0.125

0.74

  1. Data were presented as mean ± SD or n (%). PS plant sterol, HT Height, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SD standard deviation. P* ≤ 0.05; P** ≤ 0.01
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X