A combination of omega-3 and plant sterols regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with impaired glucose regulation: a randomized and controlled clinical trial

Wang, Ji-fang; Zhang, Hai-ming; Li, Yan-yan; Xia, Song; Wei, Yin; Yang, Ling; Wang, Dong; Ye, Jing-jing; Li, Hao-xiang; Yuan, Jing; Pan, Rui-rong

doi:10.1186/s12944-019-1048-x

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 2 Effects of plant sterol and Omega-3 supplementation on variables

From: A combination of omega-3 and plant sterols regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with impaired glucose regulation: a randomized and controlled clinical trial

Variables	Placebo		PS		Omega-3		PS + Omega-3		Main effect of PS	P value	Main effect of Omega-3	P value	Interaction	P value
Variables	Post	Difference	Post	Difference	Post	Difference	Post	Difference	Main effect of PS	P value	Main effect of Omega-3	P value	Interaction	P value
Weight (kg)	68.97 ± 10.89	−0.85 ± 3.62	68.24 ± 8.14	−1.28 ± 9.14	68.13 ± 11.17	− 1.41 ± 1.91	67.35 ± 10.34	−2.26 ± 2.81	− 0.64	0.47	−0.77	0.38	−0.21	0.81
BMI (kg/m²)	26.13 ± 3.8	−0.33 ± 1.33	25.74 ± 4.24	−0.45 ± 3.43	25.19 ± 2.89	−0.50 ± 0.71	25.59 ± 3.55	−0.84 ± 1.02	− 0.23	0.47	− 0.28	0.39	− 0.11	0.73
Waistline (cm)	93.96 ± 9.99	−0.88 ± 5.84	90.77 ± 9.30	0.67 ± 6.04	88.50 ± 9.22	−1.90 ± 3.86	88.88 ± 10.32	−1.97 ± 4.21	0.74	0.40	−1.83	0.04*	−0.81	0.35
Systolic pressure (mmHg)	130.57 ± 13.22	−1.79 ± 14.71	140.23 ± 18.33	2.80 ± 20.50	135.49 ± 12.87	−1.20 ± 16.82	139.44 ± 20.99	0.68 ± 20.85	3.235	0.32	− 0.77	0.81	−1.36	0.68
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)	82.5 ± 12.08	−1.57 ± 7.52	82.33 ± 9.44	−3.3 ± 14.66	79.94 ± 8.86	−5.97 ± 8.23	81.54 ± 10.87	−3.1 ± 8.76	0.57	0.75	−2.10	0.23	2.30	0.19
FPG (mmol/l)	6.43 ± 0.86	−0.06 ± 0.8	6.92 ± 1.01	0.47 ± 0.96	6.34 ± 1.06	−0.21 ± 1.19	5.56 ± 0.62	−0.94 ± 0.66	−0.1	0.55	−0.78	0.01**	−0.63	0.01**
FINS (mU/L)	10.25 ± 3.9	−0.02 ± 3.67	9.57 ± 2.96	−0.58 ± 4.46	9.45 ± 3.87	−0.40 ± 2.25	8.12 ± 3.45	−2.09 ± 2.95	−1.125	0.06	−0.95	0.11	−0.57	0.33
HOMA-IR	2.93 ± 1.17	−0.03 ± 1.04	2.96 ± 1.18	0.06 ± 1.45	2.72 ± 1.34	−0.14 ± 0.70	2.00 ± 0.89	−0.96 ± 0.98	−0.365	0.05*	−0.57	0.00**	−0.46	0.01**
HbA1c (%)	6.35 ± 0.68	−0.15 ± 0.42	6.34 ± 0.92	0.13 ± 1.11	6.15 ± 0.78	−0.14 ± 0.55	6.01 ± 0.73	−0.35 ± 0.51	0.035	0.78	−0.24	0.05*	−0.25	0.05*
TC (mmol/l)	5.23 ± 0.89	−1.73 ± 2.07	5.61 ± 0.95	0.18 ± 1.35	5.05 ± 0.70	−0.33 ± 0.48	4.96 ± 1.16	−0.39 ± 0.87	0.925	0.24	0.42	0.06	−0.99	0.06
TG (mmol/l)	1.82 ± 0.6	−0.23 ± 0.46	1.96 ± 1.27	−0.11 ± 1.32	1.95 ± 0.81	0.16 ± 0.95	1.73 ± 0.64	−0.34 ± 0.77	−0.19	0.01**	0.08	0.61	−0.31	0.01**
HDL-C (mmol/l)	1.10 ± 0.22	−0.12 ± 0.12	1.16 ± 0.19	0.01 ± 0.30	1.21 ± 0.18	0.02 ± 0.19	1.27 ± 0.29	−0.1 ± 0.31	0.005	0.90	0.02	0.73	−0.13	0.05*
LDL-C (mmol/l)	3.02 ± 0.77	−0.09 ± 0.45	2.79 ± 0.78	0.22 ± 1.34	2.92 ± 0.55	−0.08 ± 0.78	2.83 ± 0.88	−0.14 ± 0.75	0.125	0.42	−0.18	0.25	−0.19	0.22
Hs-CRP (mg/L)	1.88 ± 0.53	0.4 ± 0.89	1.08 ± 0.46	−0.05 ± 0.39	0.95 ± 0.43	−0.15 ± 0.59	0.93 ± 0.38	−0.18 ± 0.59	−0.24	0.03*	−0.34	0.03*	0.21	0.06
IL-6 (pg/ml)	3.05 ± 0.87	0.02 ± 1.61	2.49 ± 1.41	−0.33 ± 1.36	2.53 ± 1.37	−0.45 ± 1.7	2.45 ± 1.38	−0.4 ± 1.76	−0.15	0.59	−0.27	0.35	0.20	0.48
Body fat rate (%)	32.28 ± 8.84	−0.39 ± 3.9	28.43 ± 7.13	−0.83 ± 4.74	27.68 ± 5.82	−1.12 ± 4.75	28.11 ± 8.40	−1.76 ± 2.34	−0.54	0.44	−0.83	0.23	−0.1	0.89
Visceral fat rating	11.86 ± 4.49	−0.21 ± 1.55	11.03 ± 4.17	−0.43 ± 3.62	11.14 ± 4.38	−0.83 ± 1.25	11.27 ± 4.49	−0.8 ± 1.47	−0.095	0.79	−0.495	0.19	0.125	0.74

Data were presented as mean ± SD or n (%). PS plant sterol, HT Height, BMI body mass index, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SD standard deviation. P* ≤ 0.05; P** ≤ 0.01

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