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Fig. 2 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 2

From: Metformin regulates lipid metabolism in a canine model of atrial fibrillation through AMPK/PPAR-α/VLCAD pathway

Fig. 2

Alterations in the protein expression of key metabolic factors in the left atrial appendage. a Representative images of the protein expression of AMPK, pAMPK, FAT/CD36, PPAR-α, PCG-1α, and VLCAD in the left atrial appendage of canines. b Quantitative analysis of the expression of AMPK, pAMPK, PPAR-α, PCG-1α, FAT/CD36 and VLCAD proteins in the left atrial appendage. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. SR, sinus rhythm; ARP, atrial rapid pacing; MET, metformin; AMPK, adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; pAMPK, phosphorylatied adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase; FAT/CD36, fatty acid translocase; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α; PPAR-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; VLCAD, Very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase.*P < 0.05 versus SR group; #P < 0.05 versus ARP group; n = 5 per group

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