|
Age (years)
|
42.0 (10.7)/42.0 (25–58))
|
42.1 (9.9)/45.5 (23–63)
|
0.978
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
24.5 (2.5)/24.7 (21.2–29.0)
|
45.0 (6.3)/43.7 (36.4–58.9)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Lipid profile:
|
|
Total cholesterol (TC)(mg/dl)
|
166.7 (18.3)/159.0 (151–202)
|
210.6 (32.1)/212.5 (138–265)
|
0.006
|
|
LDL-cholesterol (LDL)(mg/dl)
|
90.0 (2.8)/90.0 (86–93)
|
141.0 (29.0)/139.5 (80–184)
|
0.001
|
|
HDL-cholesterol (HDL)(mg/dl)
|
54.2 (3.7)/54.0 (48–59)
|
49.7 (12.2)/49.0 (23–75)
|
0.223
|
|
TC/HDL (Normal< 4)
|
3.1 (0.3)/3.1 (2.7–3.4)
|
4.4 (1.0)/(3.1–6.2)
|
0.001
|
|
Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl)
|
96.3 (14.4)/93.0 (73–115)
|
165.3 (103.5)/140.5 (69–448)
|
0.025
|
|
Glucose homeostasis:
|
|
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)
|
86.9 (8.9)/87.0 (73–99)
|
126.8 (74.1)/102.0 (77–362)
|
0.012
|
|
Insulin (μIU/ml)
|
7.4 (1.6)/6.89 (6.3–10.7)
|
16.8 (9.1)/15.8 (6.0–43.4)
|
0.003
|
|
C-peptide (ng/ml)
|
1.6 (0.3)/1.5 (1.2–2.1)
|
3.2 (1.0)/3.5 (1.2–4.9)
|
0.013
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
1.6 (0.4)/1.5 (1.3–2.5)
|
6.1 (7.0)/3.8 (1.4–28.7)
|
0.001
|
|
Plasma hormones
|
|
Morning Cortisol (μg/dl)
|
10.1 (3.7)/9.6 (6.2–15.6)
|
12.9 (4.1)/12.4 (7.6–23.4)
|
0.072
|
|
Leptin (ng/dl)
|
5.7 (2.0)/6.0 (2.8–8.0)
|
26.5 (8.8)/27.6 (8.0–39.6)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Adiponectin (μg/dl)
|
30.6 (2.0)/30.9 (2.7–3.4)
|
29.0 (3.2)/29.1 (1.9–3.3)
|
0.166
|
|
Leptin: Adiponectin Ratio
|
0.18 (0.7)/1.9 (0.9–2.7)
|
0.93 (0.3)/1.0 (2.6–14.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Adipocyte differentiation dysfunction
|
|
Lipid accumulation (OD492)
|
0.71 (0.1)/0.75 (0.50–0.82)
|
0.49 (0.6)/0.48 (0.41–0.67)
|
< 0.001
|
