Parameter | Normal weight controls (N = 7) | Obese patients (N = 20) | P- value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 42.0 (10.7)/42.0 (25–58)) | 42.1 (9.9)/45.5 (23–63) | 0.978 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (2.5)/24.7 (21.2–29.0) | 45.0 (6.3)/43.7 (36.4–58.9) | < 0.001 |
Lipid profile: | |||
Total cholesterol (TC)(mg/dl) | 166.7 (18.3)/159.0 (151–202) | 210.6 (32.1)/212.5 (138–265) | 0.006 |
LDL-cholesterol (LDL)(mg/dl) | 90.0 (2.8)/90.0 (86–93) | 141.0 (29.0)/139.5 (80–184) | 0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol (HDL)(mg/dl) | 54.2 (3.7)/54.0 (48–59) | 49.7 (12.2)/49.0 (23–75) | 0.223 |
TC/HDL (Normal< 4) | 3.1 (0.3)/3.1 (2.7–3.4) | 4.4 (1.0)/(3.1–6.2) | 0.001 |
Triglycerides (TG) (mg/dl) | 96.3 (14.4)/93.0 (73–115) | 165.3 (103.5)/140.5 (69–448) | 0.025 |
Glucose homeostasis: | |||
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl) | 86.9 (8.9)/87.0 (73–99) | 126.8 (74.1)/102.0 (77–362) | 0.012 |
Insulin (μIU/ml) | 7.4 (1.6)/6.89 (6.3–10.7) | 16.8 (9.1)/15.8 (6.0–43.4) | 0.003 |
C-peptide (ng/ml) | 1.6 (0.3)/1.5 (1.2–2.1) | 3.2 (1.0)/3.5 (1.2–4.9) | 0.013 |
HOMA-IR | 1.6 (0.4)/1.5 (1.3–2.5) | 6.1 (7.0)/3.8 (1.4–28.7) | 0.001 |
Plasma hormones | |||
Morning Cortisol (μg/dl) | 10.1 (3.7)/9.6 (6.2–15.6) | 12.9 (4.1)/12.4 (7.6–23.4) | 0.072 |
Leptin (ng/dl) | 5.7 (2.0)/6.0 (2.8–8.0) | 26.5 (8.8)/27.6 (8.0–39.6) | < 0.001 |
Adiponectin (μg/dl) | 30.6 (2.0)/30.9 (2.7–3.4) | 29.0 (3.2)/29.1 (1.9–3.3) | 0.166 |
Leptin: Adiponectin Ratio | 0.18 (0.7)/1.9 (0.9–2.7) | 0.93 (0.3)/1.0 (2.6–14.4) | < 0.001 |
Adipocyte differentiation dysfunction | |||
Lipid accumulation (OD492) | 0.71 (0.1)/0.75 (0.50–0.82) | 0.49 (0.6)/0.48 (0.41–0.67) | < 0.001 |