Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
From: Prognostic value of lipoprotein (a) level in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Author/year | Country | Study design | Patients (% male) | Mean age (years) | Outcome definition | Lipoprotein (a) cutoff (mg/dL) | Outcome measures HR or RR(95% CI) | Adjustment for variables | Follow-up (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stubbs 1998 [7] | UK | P | ACS;463 (73.8) | 62.1 ± 11.1 | – | ≥30 vs. < 30 | CV death:88 2.30 (1.34–3.94)^ | Age, previous MI, infarct size, and hypertension | 3.0 |
Shlipak 2000 [8] | USA | P | CAD;1383(0) | 66.7 | Cardiac death and non-fatal MI | > 55 vs. < 7.0 | CE:182; 1.54 (1.0–2.4) | Race/ethnicity, DM, waist-to-hip-ratio, tobacco use, HDL-C, TG, and use of lipid-lowering agents, aspirin,and CCB. | 4.1 |
Glader 2002 [9] | Sweden | P | CAD; 1216 (82) | 59.4 ± 8.1 | – | > 30 vs. ≤30 | Total death:200; 1.4 (1.1–1.9); CV death:152 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | Age, gender, BMI, MCOS, LVMS, previous MI, hypertension, DM, history of stroke or claudication, present smoking, TC, HDL-C, TG, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, and ESR | 6.7 |
Cho 2010 [19] | Korea | R | Post-acute MI; 832 (72.1) | 62.8 ± 12.4 | Total death, nonfatal MI, PCI or CABG | > 30.6 vs. < 11.8 | CVE:81; 1.53 (0.99–2.35) | Age, gender, smoking, TC, LDL-C, ApoB, hs-CRP, and and Killip class | 1.0 |
Kardys 2012 [20] | The Netherlands | P | CAD after PCI; 161 (68) | 59.4 ± 11.3 | Total death, nonfatal MI, revascularization | 18.2 vs. 2.7# | CVE:72; 1.53 (0.99–2.35) | age, sex, smoking, DM, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia | 6.0 |
Kwon 2013 [10] | Republic of Korea | R | Suspected CAD; 6252 (59.2) | 61.2 ± 11.2 | Cardiac death and non-fatal MI | ≥20.1 vs. < 20.1 | CE:100; 1.77 (1.19–2.63) | Age, gender, hypertension, DM, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and evidence of CAD at baseline coronary angiography | 3.1 |
Li 2013 [11] | China | P | CAD; 517 (82.4) | 63.4 ± 11.4 | CV death, nonfatal MI, IS, revascularization | ≥30 vs. < 30 | CVE:102; 1.69 (1.13–2.53) | DM, previous PCI, number of lesion vessels, β-blocker use, SBP, and LVEF | 2.0 |
Nestel 2013 [12] | Australia | R | Stable CAD; 7863 (83.1) | 31–75 | CV death, nonfatal MI, stroke, UA, revascularization | > 73.4 vs. ≤ 13.9 | CVE:3040; 1.21(1.07–1.36) | Age, sex, treatment, stroke, DM, smoking, hypertension, TC, ApoB, apolipoprotein A1, HDL-C, timing of revascularization, SBP, AF, eGFR, BMI, dyspnea, angina grade, white blood cell count, PAD, TG, glucose, and baseline aspirin use | 6.0 |
Guler 2013 [13] | Turkey | P | Non-ST elevation ACS;115 (70.4) | 64 ± 11 | CV death and ACS hospitalization | ≥75 vs. < 32.2 | CE:20; 2.59 (1.40–4.78) | Age, hemoglobin, creatinine, LVEF, previous MI, Killip class, and GRACE score | 1.0 |
Park 2015 [21] | Korea | R | Angina pectoris; 595 (65.2) | 63.5 ± 9.6 | Total death, any MI, revascularization | ≥50 vs. < 50 | Total death:19; 2.47 (0.73–8.38); CV death: 7 2.85 (0.43–18.9); CVE:87; 2.09 (1.16–3.76) | Age, sex, DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, multivessel disease, minimal luminal diameter after PCI, reference vessel diameter after PCI, LDL-C, and total lesion length | 3.0 |
Konishi 2015 [14] | Japan | R | Post-PCI; 411 (80.3) | 67.6 ± 10.5 | Total death and ACS | > 11.2 vs. < 11.2 | CVE:81; 1.68 (1.03–2.70) | Age, eGFR, ACS,LVEF, multivessel disease, left anterior descending lesion, and statins | 4.7 |
Feng 2016 [15] | China | R | Post- angiography/ PCI; 1684 (74.9) | 63.3 ± 10.6 | – | ≥16 vs. < 16 | Total death:56; 1.96 (1.07–3.59); | Age, sex, hypertension, DM, LDL-C, anemia, eGFR, LVEF, and lesion vessels | 1.95 |
Xie 2017 [16] | China | R | Non-obstructive CAD; 451 (44.6) | 58 ± 9 | Cardiac death and non-fatal ACS | > 30 vs. ≤30 | CE:37; 3.16 (1.60–6.23) | Age, gender, LVEF, BMI, and pre-study lipid-lowering therapies use | 2.7 |
Suwa 2017 [17] | Japan | P | CAD; 1336 (82.0) | 64.4 ± 10.2 | Cardiac death and non-fatal ACS | > 21.5 vs. 21.5 | CE:144; 1.28 (1.04–1.58) | Age, gender, LDL-C, HDL-C,TG, multivessel disease, ACS, and DM | 4.48 |
Zewinger 2018 [22] | Multination | P | CAD 3313 (70) | 62.7 ± 10.6 | – | > 26 vs. ≤10 | Total death:994; 0.95 (0.81–1.11); CV death:621 0.99 (0.81–1.2) | Age, sex, DM, SBP, BMI, smoking, eGFR, LDL-C, and use of lipid-lowering therapy. | 9.9 |
Zhou 2018 [23] | China | P | Stable CAD; 3278 (73.4) | 57.9 ± 9.8 | Total death, nonfatal MI, stroke, revascularisation | ≥30 vs. < 30 | CVE:215; 1.02 (0.76–1.38) | Age, male, hypertension, DM, smoking, BMI, ESR, LDL-C, and hs-CRP | 3.1 |
Shitara 2019 [18] | Japan | P | CAD with LVEF < 50%; 369 (86.7) | 65.3 ± 11.7 | Total death, nonfatal ACS,HF | ≥21.6 vs. < 21.6 | CVE:157; 1.54 (1.09–2.18) | Age, male, current smoking, chronic kidney disease, statin use, TG, DBP, LVEF, and aortic valve stenosis | 5.1 |