Table 1 Participants characteristics
Characteristics | Overall | LDL-C, mmol/L | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 3.4 | 3.4 to 4.1 | ≥4.1 | P-value | ||
No. of participants | 9892 | 5038 | 2847 | 2007 | |
Demographics | |||||
Age, y | 62.9 ± 13.7 | 61.9 ± 14.3 | 62.9 ± 13.4 | 65.2 ± 12.4 | < 0.001 |
Male | 4921 (49.7%) | 2651 (52.6%) | 1420 (49.9%) | 850 (42.4%) | < 0.001 |
Smoking | 2622 (26.5%) | 1328 (26.4%) | 773 (27.2%) | 521 (26.0%) | 0.615 |
Alcohol use | 1388 (14.0%) | 686 (13.6%) | 452 (15.9%) | 250 (12.5%) | 0.002 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.8 ± 3.85 | 24.8 ± 3.89 | 24.8 ± 3.75 | 25.0 ± 3.90 | 0.028 |
Waist circumference | 88.0 ± 9.63 | 87.8 ± 9.79 | 88.0 ± 9.40 | 88.6 ± 9.52 | 0.016 |
Comorbidity | |||||
Stroke | 205 (2.1%) | 134 (2.7%) | 45 (1.6%) | 26 (1.3%) | < 0.001 |
Coronary artery disease | 161 (1.6%) | 103 (2.0%) | 26 (0.9%) | 32 (1.6%) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 2341 (23.7%) | 1298 (25.8%) | 599 (21.0%) | 444 (22.1%) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 5811 (58.7%) | 2604 (51.7%) | 1200 (42.1%) | 2007 (100%) | < 0.001 |
TC ≥ 6.2 mmol/L | 1995 (20.2%) | 85 (1.7%) | 344 (12.1%) | 1566 (78.0%) | < 0.001 |
TG ≥ 2.3 mmol/L | 2165 (21.9%) | 1047 (20.8%) | 647 (22.7%) | 471 (23.5%) | 0.021 |
HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L | 1288 (13.0%) | 888 (17.6%) | 291 (10.2%) | 109 (5.4%) | < 0.001 |
Medication | |||||
β-blockers | 721 (7.3%) | 439 (8.7%) | 168 (5.9%) | 114 (5.7%) | < 0.001 |
Calcium channel blockers | 3139 (31.7%) | 1730 (34.3%) | 882 (31.0%) | 527 (26.3%) | < 0.001 |
ACEI/ARB | 4315 (43.6%) | 2417 (48.0%) | 1156 (40.6%) | 742 (37.0%) | < 0.001 |
Statin | 1898 (19.2%) | 1415 (28.1%) | 316 (11.1%) | 167 (8.3%) | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||||
Systolic | 132 ± 16.2 | 131 ± 15.8 | 132 ± 16.3 | 133 ± 17.0 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic | 80.8 ± 15.1 | 80.5 ± 14.1 | 81.4 ± 18.9 | 80.7 ± 11.1 | 0.04 |
Biomarkers | |||||
TC,mmol/L | 5.31 ± 1.16 | 4.51 ± 0.742 | 5.66 ± 0.558 | 6.83 ± 0.866 | < 0.001 |
TG,mmol/L | 1.83 ± 1.58 | 1.82 ± 1.73 | 1.83 ± 1.37 | 1.88 ± 1.46 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C,mmol/L | 3.40 ± 0.927 | 2.69 ± 0.483 | 3.72 ± 0.221 | 4.75 ± 0.586 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C,mmol/L | 1.35 ± 0.365 | 1.32 ± 0.365 | 1.35 ± 0.318 | 1.41 ± 0.419 | < 0.001 |
FBG,mmol/L | 5.35 ± 1.81 | 5.35 ± 1.79 | 5.27 ± 1.68 | 5.47 ± 2.05 | 0.007 |
eGFR,ml/min/1.73m2 | 88.4 ± 26.0 | 89.4 ± 27.4 | 88.3 ± 24.8 | 86.0 ± 24.0 | < 0.001 |