Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are positively associated with the risk of endobronchial biopsy-induced refractory hemorrhage in patients with lung cancer

Table 3 Effect of LDL-C on EBB-induced refractory hemorrhage in subgroups

Characteristic	Number of patients	β(95%CI)	P for interaction
Gender			0.0256
Female	143	0.60 (0.12, 2.91)
Male	516	3.81 (1.88, 7.72)
Smoking			0.6460
Yes	242	2.86 (1.38, 5.96)
No	417	2.12 (0.68, 6.60)
Hypertension			0.8006
Yes	162	2.46 (1.08, 5.60)
No	497	2.68 (1.39, 5.19)
Diabetes mellitus			0.9991
Yes	32	0.00 (0.00, inf)
No	627	2.75 (1.44, 5.27)
CHD			0.9994
Yes	23	inf. (0.00, inf)
No	636	2.59 (1.33, 5.05)
COPD			0.5498
Yes	612	5.73 (0.41, 79.26)
No	47	2.65 (1.36, 5.14)
Location of the lesion			0.6326
Peripheral bronchi	560	2.65 (1.31, 5.35)
Central airway	99	3.84 (0.94, 15.58)
Stage			0.7970
Early	353	2.76 (1.27, 5.99)
Advanced	306	2.38 (0.93, 6.10)
Histological type			0.1136
Adenocarcinoma	176	0.37 (0.05, 2.48)
Squamous cell carcinoma	331	4.61 (1.98, 10.71)
SCLC	116	2.85 (0.48, 16.94)
Other^a	36	inf. (0.00, inf)

Adjusted for gender, location of the lesion, histological type, smoking, SBP, hemoglobin, neutrophil percentage, PT, APTT, CRP, ALT, triglyceride, HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, and apolipoprotein E; in each case, the model was not adjusted for the stratification variable. ^a“Other” includes histological types of NSCLC (not specified, n = 12), neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 7), adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 5), muco-epidermoid carcinoma (n = 2), adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 1), carcinosarcoma (n = 1) and lung cancer without histological type specified (n = 8). LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; EBB endobronchial biopsy; CHD, coronary heart disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; SBP, systolic blood pressure; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; CRP, C-reactive protein; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

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