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Table 1 Mean ± S. D of the measured variables in the four studied groups

From: Bee pollen and propolis improve neuroinflammation and dysbiosis induced by propionic acid, a short chain fatty acid in a rodent model of autism

Parameters

Groups

Mean ± S.D.

P valuea

P valueb

IFNG (pg/ml)

Control

120.70 ± 167.85

 

0.046

PPA

127.08 ± 192.57

1.000

Be pollen

17.05 ± 26.48

0.024

Propolis

23.23 ± 22.52

0.337

IL-1A (pg/ml)

Control

181.05 ± 65.52

 

0.035

PPA

217.85 ± 76.89

0.531

Be pollen

116.39 ± 40.72

0.109

Propolis

168.96 ± 15.29

0.981

IL-6 (pg/ml)

Control

18.87 ± 4.69

 

0.091

PPA

80.56 ± 63.58

0.050

Be pollen

21.94 ± 25.93

0.336

Propolis

21.58 ± 15.36

0.630

IL-10 (PG/ML)

Control

213.86 ± 212.98

 

0.050

PPA

76.76 ± 36.44

0.015

Be pollen

94.08 ± 28.87

0.022

Propolis

231.39 ± 270.26

0.572

IL-12(P70) (pg/ml)

Control

82.07 ± 8.65

 

0.094

PPA

71.03 ± 7.57

0.336

Be pollen

70.11 ± 13.10

0.271

Propolis

69.14 ± 7.35

0.214

VEGF (pg/ml)

Control

5.95 ± 2.43

 

0.010

PPA

5.36 ± 2.64

0.575

Be pollen

3.58 ± 0.85

0.025

Propolis

3.41 ± 0.53

0.010

TNFA (pg/ml) c

Control

17.11 ± 1.39

 

0.003

PPA

14.50 ± 0.91

0.140

Be pollen

13.95 ± 3.27

0.057

Propolis

11.72 ± 2.24

0.001

  1. a P value between each group and the control group
  2. b P value among all groups