Table 1 Main characteristic of the included studies
Author/year | Region | Study design | Patients (% male) | Mean age (years) | Outcome definition | Adiponectin cutoff | Follow-up (years) | Outcome measures HR or RR(95% CI) | Adjustment for variables |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pilz 2006 [7] | Germany | P | CAD; 2473 (75) | 64 ± 10 | – | Quartile 4 vs. 1; ≥14.77 vs. < 6.96 μg/ml | 5.45 | Total death:76; 2.04 (1.53–2.71); CV death:95 2.14 (1.52–3.02) | Age, gender, BMI, metabolic syndrome/type 2 DM, hypertension, smoking, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, CRP, fibrinogen, eGFR, homocysteine, and NT-pro-BNP |
Shioji 2007 [8] | Japan | P | Angina pectoris or acute MI; 184 (69.0) | 66.2 ± 9.5 | Death, re-infarction, revascularization, HF hospitalization, and CI | > 4.5 vs. ≤ 4.5 μg/ml | 2.3 | MACE:78; 0.35 (0.14–0.90) a | Age, gender, BMI, fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, final reference diameter, DM, and medications |
Piestrzeniewicz 2008 [9] | Poland | P | STEMI;77 (100) | 54.3 ± 6.8 | CV death, nonfatal MI, angina/HF hospitalization | ≥4.23 vs. < 4.23 μg/ml | 1.0 | MACE:9; 5.08 (1.11–23.2) | DM, multivessel disease, LVEF CRP, history of CV events, lipids, creatinine, eGFR, hypertension, LVEF, and Duke Prognostic Index score |
Maiolino 2008 [12] | Italy | P | CAD; 712 (72.5) | 6.5 ± 10.1 | CV death, nonfatal MI, ACS, stroke, and vascular surgery | > 6.38 vs. ≤ 6.38 μg/ml | 3.8 | CV death:45 1.37 (0.86–2.17) MACE:119; 1.00 (0.77–1.31) | Age, gender, LVEF, HD-C, LDL-C, BMI, creatinine, homocysteine, smoking, and TG |
Huang 2010 [10] | Taiwan | P | AMI; 102 (85) | 62 ± 11 | CV death, nonfatal MI, PCI/CABG, IS, rehospitalization | ≥6.46 vs. < 6.46 μg/ml | 3.6 | MACE:30; 1.22 (1.03–1.45) | Age, DM, hypertension, smoking, HDL-C, LDL-C, BMI and medication |
Wilson 2011 [13] | Multi-coumtries | P | ACS;3931 (78.4) | 48–70 | Death, MI, stroke, unstable angina, CHF, revascularization | > 4.477 vs. ≤ 4.477 μg/ml | 2.0 | Total death:118; 1.57 (0.95–2.58); MACE:951; 1.20 (1.03–1.40) | Age, gender, race, ACS type, DM, smoking, TG, blood pressure, BMI, eGFR, treatment group, BNP, and CRP |
Beatty 2012 [14] | USA | P | Stable CAD; 981 (81.5) | 66.7 ± 11.0 | MI, heart failure, or death | Quartile 4 vs. 1; > 35.6 vs. < 12.6 μg/ml | 7.1 | Total death:375; 1.77 (1.12–2.67); MACE:440; 1.43 (0.98–2.09) | Age, gender, race, DM, eGFR, beta-blocker, aspirin, statin, BMI, hemogloblin A1c, insulin, glucose, non-HDL-C, HDL-C, TG, LVEF, diastolic dysfunction, inducible ischemia, CRP, and NT-proBNP |
Li 2012 [11] | China | P | CAD; 449 (68) | 65.5 ± 10.9 | Death, TVR, ACS, HF, and TIA/stroke | ≥5.0 vs. < 5.0 μg/ml | 1.6 | MACE:109; 0.41 (0.23–0.73) a | Age, gender, type 2 DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoke, weight index, hsCRP, LVEF, creatinine clearance, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, fasting glucose, and coronary score |
Lindberg 2012 [19] | Denmark | P | STEMI;735 (73.9) | 63.0 ± 12.5 | – | Quartile 4 vs. 1–3 | 2.3 | Total death:99; 2.70 (1.30–5.6); CV death:50 2.57 (1.46–4.50) | Age, gender, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, DM, hypertension, BMI, CRP, peak troponin I, eGFR, multivessel disease, LVEF, and left anterior descending lesion (for CV death) |
Delhaye 2013 [20] | France | P | Stable angina, NSTE-ACS; 477 (83.6) | 62.5 ± 11 | Death, MI or stroke | Tertile 3 vs. 1–2; > 20.1 vs. ≤ 20.1 μg/ml | 3.7 | MACE:82; 2.16 (1.35–3.46) | Age, DM, BMI, prior CAD, LVEF, creatinine, LDL-C, HDL-C, BNP, hs-CRP, and multivessel disease |
Hascoet 2013 [21] | France | P | Stable CAD; 715 (100) | 60.2 ± 8.0 | – | ≥7.3 vs. < 7.3 μg/ml | 8.1 | Total death:148; 1.71 (1.16–2.52); CV death:95 1.86 (1.11–3.13) | Age, smoking, waist, treatment for DM, GGT, apolipoprotein A1, resting heart rate, hsCRP, eGFR or history of kidney failure, BMI, fasting glucose, ankle–arm index, and case–control design |
Pratesi 2016 [22] | Italy | P | Stable CAD; 138 (82) | 59.4 ± 8.1 | – | > 13.2 vs. ≤13.2 ng/ml | 3.8 | Total death:26; 6.5 (2.40–17.7) | Age, gender, previous PTCA, AF, PAD, NYHA class, Index of Disease Severity score, LVEF, eGFR, hemoglobin |