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Table 1 Baseline characteristic of participants who did or did not develop cardiovascular disease at follow-up

From: Dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease risk among the MASHAD study population

Variable

CVD

p-value

No (n = 8465)

Yes (n = 233)

Male, % (N)

41 (3473)

47 (109)

0.069

Age, year

47.85 ± 8.12

54.31 ± 6.98

< 0.001

Marriage status, % (N)

 Married

93.80 (7941)

92.20 (215)

0.326

 Single/divorced/widow

6.20 (523)

7.80 (18)

 

Education level, % (N)

 Low (trade school)

52.40 (4432)

65.90 (154)

 

 Moderate (high school)

35.90 (3033)

25 (58)

< 0.001

 High (university)

11.70 (989)

9.10 (21)

 

Smoking status, % (N)

 Non smoker

69.60 (5883)

62.10 (145)

 

 Ex – smoker

9.70 (823)

16.80 (39)

0.001

 Current smoker

20.70 (1752)

21.10 (49)

 

PAL

1.59 ± 0.28

1.53 ± 0.28

0.001

Weight (kg)

71.85 ± 12.84

74.15 ± 12.49

0.007

Height (cm)

160.81 ± 9.14

160.27 ± 9.17

0.374

BMI (kg/ m2)

27.83 ± 4.70

28.92 ± 4.54

< 0.001

WC (cm)

95.10 ± 12.01

99.05 ± 10.59

< 0.001

HC (cm)

103.65 ± 9.26

104.29 ± 9.41

0.298

WHR

0.92 ± 0.08

0.95 ± 0.07

< 0.001

MAC (cm)

30.58 ± 3.94

30.62 ± 3.62

0.865

Dyslipidemia

66 (5590)

78.90 (183)

< 0.001

Cholesterol (mg/dl)

190.56 ± 38.56

199.83 ± 42.16

< 0.001

TG (mg/dl)

120 (84, 171)

139 (101.25, 215.50)

< 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dl)

115.89 ± 34.96

122.35 ± 35.59

0.006

HDL-C (mg/dl)

42.82 ± 9.87

40.21 ± 9.05

< 0.001

FBG (mg/dl)

91.45 ± 36.92

119.45 ± 63.10

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

121.26 ± 18.22

134 ± 20.88

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

79.01 ± 11.74

83.77 ± 10.69

< 0.001

HTN, %

22.60 (1907)

44.80 (104)

< 0.001

DM, %

8.30 (704)

28 (65)

< 0.001

Lipid lowering drug, % (N)

2.40 (203)

12.90 (30)

< 0.001

Anti-hypertensive drug, % (N)

4.10 (347)

16.40 (38)

< 0.001

Family history of CVD, % (N)

34.90 (2929)

44.30 (101)

0.003

HEI

55.27 ± 8.56

55.71 ± 8.27

0.433

Total energy intake (kcal/day)

2022.46 ± 679.19

1945.66 ± 708.74

0.148

  1. Abbreviations: PAL physical activity level, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, MAC mid- upper arm circumference, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, TG triglyceride, LDL-C low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HEI healthy eating index
  2. Data are presented as means ± standard deviations and median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and as percentages for categorical variables. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used where appropriate
  3. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg
  4. Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126 /mg/dl
  5. Dyslipidemia was defined as total cholesterol ≥200, or triglycerides ≥150, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥130, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 40 (for men) and HDL-C < 50 (for women)
  6. There are some missing data regarding marriage status (no CVD: 2), education level (no CVD: 12), smoking status (no CVD: 8), HTN (no CVD: 29) and family history of CVD (no CVD: 67, CVD: 4)