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Table 3 Effect of spices supplemented diet on serum triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin, serum liver enzyme and antioxidant status in normal, hypercholestrolemic and hyperglycemic rats at the termination of the study

From: Potential preventive and protective perspectives of different spice powders and their mixtures in rat model

Cholesterol mg/dL)

77.80 ± 3.56

T0

81 ± 4.5

155 ± 11.2a

101 ± 7.1a

T1

79.37 ± 4.3

142.37 ± 9.5bc

93.92 ± 5.2bc

T2

78.21 ± 4.2

136.48 ± 6.5d

90.89 ± 4.2d

T3

79.80 ± 3.3

145.20 ± 6.2b

95.82 ± 3.2b

T4

78.56 ± 3.2

138.80 ± 7.5 cd

92.50 ± 3.9 cd

HDL (mg/dL)

32.56 ± 3.56

T0

39.85 ± 1.25

59.23 ± 2.51b

38.77 ± 1.23b

T1

39.98 ± 1.12

61.65 ± 3.22a

39.94 ± 1.56a

T2

40.24 ± 1.62

61.87 ± 2.61a

40.15 ± 1.99a

T3

39.93 ± 0.05

61.59 ± 1.92a

39.91 ± 0.07a

T4

40.08 ± 1.05

61.71 ± 1.62a

40.02 ± 0.99a

LDL-C (mg/dL)

26.56 ± 3.56

T0

28.09 ± 0.56

62.53 ± 1.22a

46.53 ± 0.99a

T1

27.11 ± 0.98

57.81 ± 1.01b

41.87 ± 1.55c

T2

26.63 ± 0.12

54.88 ± 0.52c

40.94 ± 1.99c

T3

27.33 ± 0.23

60.50 ± 2.25a

43.03 ± 1.23b

T4

26.83 ± 0.55

55.94 ± 0.09c

41.41 ± 1.22c

Triglyceride(mg/dL)

58.26 ± 3.56

T0

67.37 ± 3.23

99.23 ± 4.52a

77.46 ± 2.92a

T1

66.01 ± 2.52

92.76 ± 3.63b

74.09 ± 3.35b

T2

65.05 ± 2.25

91.75 ± 2.26b

73.34 ± 1.77b

T3

66.38 ± 1.55

92.96 ± 4.55b

74.86 ± 3.36ab

T4

65.34 ± 2.22

92.27 ± 4.29b

73.58 ± 3.79b

Glucose (mg/dL)

79.63 ± 3.72

T0 (control)

86.53 ± 3.32

101.23 ± 4.55a

137.53 ± 6.52a

T1

84.79 ± 4.12

94.13 ± 3.45bc

126.32 ± 5.45b

T2

83.93 ± 2.29

92.72 ± 3.99 cd

125.14 ± 4.55bc

T3

85.25 ± 1.22

96.05 ± 3.69b

127.47 ± 5.21b

T4

83.54 ± 1.32

91.09 ± 4.5d

122.97 ± 6.01c

Insulin (μU/Ml)

6.23 ± 0.56

T0 (control)

8.23 ± 0.5

8.95 ± 0.3a

12.56 ± 0.7b

T1

8.26 ± 0.4

9.06 ± 0.5a

12.94 ± 0.9a

T2

8.28 ± 0.4

9.15 ± 0.4a

12.97 ± 0.7a

T3

8.25 ± 0.1

9.04 ± 0.4a

12.93 ± 0.5a

T4

8.31 ± 0.2

9.23 ± 0.3a

13.09 ± 0.6a

AST(IU/L)

101.25 ± 2.36

T0 (control)

108.51 ± 4.36

138.56 ± 6.29a

119.47 ± 4.99a

T1

106.51 ± 4.36

133.07 ± 5.69ab

114.43 ± 5.56b

T2

105.85 ± 4.26

132.24 ± 5.57

113.54 ± 5.41b

T3

106.94 ± 4.22

133.72 ± 5.49ab

114.82 ± 5.62ab

T4

105.04 ± 4.29

130.89 ± 6.99b

112.79 ± 5.81b

ALT(IU/L)

40.12 ± 1.01

T0 (control)

51.52 ± 2.29

59.38 ± 1.29a

47.26 ± 5.22a

T1

50.23 ± 3.26

56.42 ± 3.39b

44.89 ± 5.56b

T2

49.97 ± 3.26

56.27 ± 1.57b

44.66 ± 5.41b

T3

50.48 ± 4.22

56.58 ± 4.49b

45.00 ± 5.62b

T4

49.86 ± 2.29

56.06 ± 3.99b

44.52 ± 6.01b

ALP(IU/L)

130.24 ± 2.01

T0 (control)

156.52 ± 5.22

237.14 ± 9.27a

223.42 ± 9.56a

T1

152.48 ± 4.79

208.70 ± 8.23bc

192.16 ± 7.12bc

T2

149.49 ± 4.21

206.26 ± 8.01c

188.88 ± 6.36 cd

T3

153.42 ± 4.12

213.38 ± 8.56b

196.86 ± 6.99b

T4

147.09 ± 3.99

197.96 ± 6.69d

184.23 ± 6.01d

Glutathione(mg/L)

55.12 ± 1.01

T0 (control)

49.62 ± 2.29c

39.29 ± 1.29d

41.23 ± 1.22d

T1

51.86 ± 2.56b

44.00 ± 1.39bc

46.82 ± 1.56bc

T2

52.0 ± 2.26a

44.62 ± 1.57ab

47.82 ± 1.41ab

T3

51.55 ± 2.22b

43.08 ± 2.49c

45.93 ± 1.62c

T4

52.38 ± 2.29a

45.19 ± 2.45a

48.33 ± 1.01a

Total antioxidant activity (mmol Trolox equivalent/L)

0.3 ± 0.001

T0 (control)

0.20 ± 0.001c

0.30 ± 0.01d

0.35 ± 0.01d

T1

0.2.5 ± 0.02b

0.51 ± 0.21bc

0.48 ± 0.02bc

T2

0.2.75 ± 0.016a

0.55 ± 0.01ab

0.59 ± 0.05ab

T3

0.2.43 ± 0.03b

0.41 ± 0.02c

0.45 ± 0.04c

T4

0.30 ± 0.005a

0.63 ± 0.01a

0.61 ± 0.02a

  1. Values are mean ± SEM (n = 10)
  2. One way anova was applied to check the overall behavior of the study parameter to elaborate the effect of treatments on selected parameter of rats at the termination of study. To evaluate the differences among the mean LSD test was applied. Values in same column within each parameter with different letters were significantly different from each other (p ≤ 0. 05)
  3. Study I: Normal rats
  4. Study II: Hypercholesterolemic rats
  5. Study III: Hyperglycemic rats
  6. T0: Control (without active ingredients) T1: Containing Coriander seeds
  7. T2: Containing Black seeds T3: Containing Fenugreek seeds
  8. T4: Containing Coriander seeds+ Black seeds+ Fenugreek seeds