Orotic acid-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist steatosis by modification of fatty acid metabolism

Matilainen, Johanna; Mustonen, Anne-Mari; Rilla, Kirsi; Käkelä, Reijo; Sihvo, Sanna P.; Nieminen, Petteri

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01243-5

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 2 Fatty acyl and alkenyl chain profiles (mol-%) in HepG2 cells

From: Orotic acid-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist steatosis by modification of fatty acid metabolism

	Control cells	OA cells	LPS cells	OA–LPS cells	p
14:0	2.676 ± 0.056	2.921 ± 0.267	2.785 ± 0.125	2.634 ± 0.133	0.084
14:1n-5	0.268 ± 0.039	0.528 ± 0.246	0.305 ± 0.106	0.289 ± 0.033	0.443
15:0	0.388 ± 0.033	0.435 ± 0.114	0.358 ± 0.034	0.350 ± 0.029	0.815
DMA 16:0	0.049 ± 0.010	0.075 ± 0.026	0.060 ± 0.023	0.058 ± 0.009	0.662
16:0	27.653 ± 0.513^C	24.972 ± 0.439^A	27.159 ± 0.428^BC	25.583 ± 0.336^AB	< 0.001
16:1n-9	2.163 ± 0.086	2.107 ± 0.082	2.138 ± 0.027	2.069 ± 0.070	0.755
16:1n-7	8.860 ± 0.532	10.466 ± 0.600	9.357 ± 0.568	9.960 ± 0.547	0.434
16:1n-5	0.559 ± 0.030	0.670 ± 0.119	0.561 ± 0.029	0.543 ± 0.033	0.911
17:0i	0.101 ± 0.011	0.195 ± 0.078	0.127 ± 0.017	0.105 ± 0.014	0.627
17:0ai	0.228 ± 0.026	0.281 ± 0.079	0.208 ± 0.027	0.208 ± 0.015	0.751
17:0	0.261 ± 0.010	0.262 ± 0.053	0.260 ± 0.033	0.387 ± 0.113	0.133
17:1n-8	0.585 ± 0.038	0.601 ± 0.024	0.565 ± 0.030	0.601 ± 0.037	0.878
DMA 18:0	0.048 ± 0.003^A	0.106 ± 0.030^B	0.067 ± 0.020^A	0.080 ± 0.011^B	0.003
DMA 18:1n-9	0.018 ± 0.003	0.071 ± 0.041	0.026 ± 0.005	0.034 ± 0.007	0.090
DMA 18:1n-7	0.014 ± 0.002	0.035 ± 0.013	0.018 ± 0.003	0.020 ± 0.003	0.257
18:0	7.091 ± 0.456	6.527 ± 0.336	6.646 ± 0.432	6.981 ± 0.382	0.919
18:1n-9	20.164 ± 0.358	19.320 ± 0.563	20.176 ± 0.174	19.699 ± 0.205	0.307
18:1n-7	15.077 ± 0.293	14.099 ± 0.510	15.344 ± 0.162	14.545 ± 0.361	0.326
18:1n-5	0.846 ± 0.020^B	0.795 ± 0.059^A	0.895 ± 0.017^B	0.751 ± 0.033^A	0.003
18:2n-7	0.089 ± 0.008	0.114 ± 0.029	0.089 ± 0.007	0.069 ± 0.006	0.124
18:2n-6	1.162 ± 0.038	1.164 ± 0.088	1.209 ± 0.035	1.052 ± 0.066	0.255
18:3n-6	0.066 ± 0.010	0.138 ± 0.037	0.100 ± 0.016	0.100 ± 0.023	0.371
19:1n-8	0.058 ± 0.007	0.067 ± 0.009	0.051 ± 0.005	0.071 ± 0.004	0.085
18:3n-3	0.194 ± 0.021^AB	0.224 ± 0.020^AB	0.185 ± 0.019^A	0.222 ± 0.011^B	0.042
18:2c9t11	0.054 ± 0.016	0.104 ± 0.040	0.054 ± 0.011	0.070 ± 0.017	0.684
20:0	0.239 ± 0.014	0.385 ± 0.139	0.220 ± 0.010	0.242 ± 0.014	0.298
20:1n-11	0.279 ± 0.091	0.278 ± 0.083	0.177 ± 0.068	0.275 ± 0.085	0.866
20:1n-9	0.625 ± 0.038	0.626 ± 0.042	0.652 ± 0.041	0.589 ± 0.031	0.697
20:1n-7	0.424 ± 0.052	0.428 ± 0.056	0.430 ± 0.048	0.403 ± 0.049	0.927
20:2n-9	0.173 ± 0.026	0.200 ± 0.037	0.215 ± 0.033	0.152 ± 0.021	0.461
20:2n-6	2.081 ± 0.079	1.838 ± 0.187	2.088 ± 0.127	1.993 ± 0.179	0.466
20:3n-9	0.243 ± 0.015	0.293 ± 0.075	0.259 ± 0.020	0.244 ± 0.020	0.514
20:3n-6	0.617 ± 0.022^A	0.846 ± 0.055^B	0.645 ± 0.023^A	0.815 ± 0.047^B	< 0.001
20:4n-6	2.632 ± 0.107^A	3.617 ± 0.251^B	2.658 ± 0.140^A	3.682 ± 0.251^B	< 0.001
20:4n-3	0.049 ± 0.007	0.071 ± 0.014	0.053 ± 0.008	0.059 ± 0.008	0.384
20:5n-3	0.254 ± 0.018^A	0.426 ± 0.028^B	0.263 ± 0.014^A	0.365 ± 0.032^B	< 0.001
22:0	0.228 ± 0.011	0.289 ± 0.066	0.205 ± 0.018	0.234 ± 0.012	0.343
22:1n-11	0.192 ± 0.036	0.169 ± 0.029	0.114 ± 0.016	0.206 ± 0.052	0.206
22:1n-9	0.016 ± 0.002^B	0.024 ± 0.011^B	0.009 ± 0.001^A	0.020 ± 0.003^B	0.011
22:1n-7	0.078 ± 0.011	0.132 ± 0.035	0.121 ± 0.050	0.131 ± 0.053	0.258
22:4n-6	0.037 ± 0.006	0.064 ± 0.018	0.037 ± 0.006	0.052 ± 0.011	0.714
22:5n-3	0.249 ± 0.012	0.339 ± 0.031	0.254 ± 0.014	0.284 ± 0.022	0.120
24:0	0.209 ± 0.029^AB	0.210 ± 0.023^B	0.161 ± 0.018^A	0.219 ± 0.015^B	0.047
22:6n-3	2.203 ± 0.106^A	2.913 ± 0.190^B	2.178 ± 0.114^A	2.900 ± 0.208^B	< 0.001
24:1n-9	0.504 ± 0.037^A	0.577 ± 0.045^AB	0.524 ± 0.119^A	0.654 ± 0.059^B	0.009
SFA	39.073 ± 0.838^B	36.478 ± 0.408^A	38.128 ± 0.672^AB	36.943 ± 0.494^A	0.032
MUFA	50.696 ± 0.726	50.886 ± 0.550	51.416 ± 0.635	50.805 ± 0.712	0.910
PUFA	10.103 ± 0.236^A	12.350 ± 0.271^B	10.286 ± 0.345^A	12.060 ± 0.565^B	< 0.001
n-6 PUFA	6.595 ± 0.140^A	7.665 ± 0.188^B	6.736 ± 0.235^A	7.695 ± 0.335^B	0.001
n-3 PUFA	2.949 ± 0.126^A	3.973 ± 0.202^B	2.933 ± 0.124^A	3.830 ± 0.251^B	< 0.001
n-9 PUFA	0.416 ± 0.023	0.492 ± 0.096	0.473 ± 0.028	0.396 ± 0.020	0.377
DMA	0.128 ± 0.013	0.287 ± 0.109	0.170 ± 0.049	0.192 ± 0.027	0.133
UFA/SFA	1.567 ± 0.050^A	1.737 ± 0.032^B	1.627 ± 0.043^AB	1.707 ± 0.037^AB	0.045
n-3/n-6 PUFA	0.447 ± 0.017^AB	0.517 ± 0.021^C	0.437 ± 0.014^A	0.495 ± 0.021^BC	0.006
Prod/prec n-6	2.304 ± 0.148^A	3.403 ± 0.398^B	2.231 ± 0.160^A	3.683 ± 0.357^B	0.001
Prod/prec n-3	16.628 ± 4.026^B	16.064 ± 1.271^A	15.819 ± 2.967^AB	15.089 ± 1.153^A	0.045

Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Individual components are listed in the order of ascending chromatographic retention time. Alkenyl chain is detected as DMA. OA Orotic acid, LPS Lipopolysaccharide, DMA Plasmalogen alkenyl chain-derived dimethyl acetal derivative, i = iso, ai = anteiso, c = cis, t = trans, SFA Saturated fatty acid, MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid, UFA = MUFA + PUFA, prod = product, prec = precursor, means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA). Fatty acids with significant differences between means are shown in bold

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