Table 1 Overview of lipid changes in common pulmonary conditions

Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS)

Surfactant Insufficiency

[1, 65, 74, 208, 225, 227, 232, 233, 235, 239, 240, 244, 245]

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS/RDS)

Neutral Lipid Accumulation

[51]

Surfactant Lipid Deficiency

[27, 67,68,69, 247, 248]

Increased PL-Mediated Fibrin Polymerization

[247]

Protective Role of Sphingolipid Signaling

[249,250,251]

Acute Lung Injury (ALI)

T2C Damage

[134, 252, 253]

Surfactant Lipid Alterations

[134, 242, 252, 253]

Dysregulated Lipid Transport

[177, 178]

Protective Role of Sphingolipid Signaling

[249,250,251]

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Surfactant Lipid Deficiency

[6, 7, 67, 88,89,90,91, 95, 98,99,100,101,102,103,104]

Disrupted Reverse Lipid Transport

[105, 106]

T2C Damage

[92,93,94,95,96,97,98, 103, 107, 108]

Disrupted Alveolar Architecture

[104]

Impaired AM Sphingolipid Signaling

[110,111,112,113]

Vaping-Associated Lung Injury

Intracellular and Luminal Lipid Accumulation

[115,116,117,118,119,120, 194, 195]

Dysregulated AM Lipid Metabolism

[196]

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)

Surfactant Lipid Alterations

[67, 129,130,131,132,133,134, 139,140,141, 143,144,145, 148]

Downregulated T2C Lipid Metabolism

[125,126,127,128, 139,140,141, 148, 150]

T2C ER Stress

[147,148,149, 151]

T2C Damage

[135,136,137]

Dysregulated AM Lipid Metabolism

[130, 138, 142]

Dysregulated Eicosanoid Production

[148, 152,153,154,155,156, 158,159,160,161,162,163, 165,166,167,168]

Dysregulated Sphingolipid Signaling

[169,170,171,172,173,174]

Decreased Alveolar Surface Area

[129]

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP)

Luminal Surfactant Accumulation

[6, 63]

AM Cholesterol Accumulation

[59,60,61,62,63,64, 191]

Pneumonia

Surfactant Lipid Alterations

[67, 175]

Dysregulated Lipid Transport

[176]

Host-Pathogen Lipid Interaction

[179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190]

Alveolar Cellular Damage

[193]

Influenza

Lipid-Mediated Host Defense

[5]

Host-Pathogen Lipid Interaction

[205, 206]

Tuberculosis (TB)

Host-Pathogen Lipid Interaction

[210, 211, 215,216,217,218]

Host Eicosanoids Differentially Affect Pathogenesis

[212,213,214]

SARS and SARS-CoV-2

Diffuse Alveolar Damage

[222, 223]

T2C Hyperplasia

[221, 222]