|
Men (n = 3481)
|
≥ 1.16 (n = 549)
|
< 1.16 (n = 2932)
|
P
|
< 0.86 (n = 510)
|
≥ 0.86 (n = 2971)
|
P
|
≥ 1.15 (n = 520)
|
< 1.15 (n = 2961)
|
P
|
|
Age, year
|
53.56 (44.81, 60.96)
|
50.96 (39.09, 61.66)
|
< 0.001
|
46.20 (36.04, 58.87)
|
52.01 (40.74, 61.87)
|
< 0.001
|
51.42 (41.31, 61.67)
|
51.27 (39.68, 61.51)
|
0.183
|
|
Han nationality, %
|
88.2
|
89.3
|
0.421
|
95.5
|
88.1
|
< 0.001
|
92.1
|
88.6
|
0.018
|
|
Rural area, %
|
62.3
|
71.6
|
< 0.001
|
62.5
|
71.4
|
< 0.001
|
59.8
|
71.9
|
< 0.001
|
|
Education < high school, %
|
66.5
|
72.7
|
0.003
|
65.5
|
72.8
|
0.001
|
67.3
|
72.5
|
0.016
|
|
Smoking, %
|
54.1
|
54.6
|
0.816
|
51.6
|
55.1
|
0.143
|
56.2
|
54.3
|
0.427
|
|
Drink frequency ≥ 3/week, %
|
32.2
|
24.6
|
< 0.001
|
18.8
|
27.0
|
< 0.001
|
25.0
|
25.9
|
0.652
|
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
24.6 (22.5, 26.7)
|
22.8 (20.6, 25.2)
|
< 0.001
|
24.5 (21.8, 26.6)
|
22.9 (20.7, 25.2)
|
< 0.001
|
25.0 (23.0, 27.2)
|
22.7 (20.6, 25.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Waist-to-hip ratio
|
0.91 (0.87, 0.95)
|
0.88 (0.84, 0.93)
|
< 0.001
|
0.90 (0.85, 0.94)
|
0.89 (0.84, 0.93)
|
0.002
|
0.91 (0.87, 0.95)
|
0.88 (0.84, 0.93)
|
< 0.001
|
|
MET-hours/week
|
81.9 (23.8, 171.8)
|
102.2 (26.3, 210.5)
|
0.008
|
90.9 (22.5, 206.1)
|
99.4 (26.6, 207.0)
|
0.459
|
81.3 (22.1, 166.9)
|
102.5 (26.6, 212.0)
|
0.001
|
|
Energy intake, kcal/day
|
2234.7 (1780.42720.3)
|
2281.2 (1880.32716.1)
|
0.138
|
2293.5 (1886.52665..4)
|
2273.3 (1863.82723.3)
|
0.560
|
2252.3 (1808.12686.1)
|
2277.5 (1875.6, 2721.3)
|
0.155
|
|
Fat, %
|
32.3 (25.2, 39.0)
|
29.9 (23.1, 37.2)
|
< 0.001
|
30.8 (23.2, 38.7)
|
30.2 (23.4, 37.5)
|
0.550
|
31.6 (25.0, 38.6)
|
30.0 (23.1, 37.3)
|
0.003
|
|
Protein, %
|
12.5 (10.8, 14.5)
|
12.0 (10.5, 13.9)
|
0.001
|
12.5 (10.8, 14.3)
|
12.0 (10.5, 14.0)
|
0.001
|
12.6 (10.9, 14.5)
|
12.0 (10.5, 13.9)
|
< 0.001
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
2.86 (1.87, 4.41)
|
2.27 (1.52, 3.43)
|
< 0.001
|
2.72 (1.79, 4.62)
|
2.29 (1.54, 3.45)
|
< 0.001
|
3.07 (1.96, 5.11)
|
2.26 (1.52, 3.37)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Hs-CRP, mg/L
|
2.0 (1.0, 3.0)
|
1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
|
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
|
0.004
|
2.0 (1.0, 3.0)
|
1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Serum ferritin, μg/L
|
150.9 (93.3, 267.9)
|
113.4 (70.8, 190.3)
|
< 0.001
|
137.8 (76.3, 258.3)
|
116.8 (73.1, 193.4)
|
< 0.001
|
157.5 (96.5, 323.1)
|
113.1 (71.0, 187.1)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Transferrin, g/L
|
2.85 (2.54, 3.23)
|
2.74 (2.45, 3.07)
|
< 0.001
|
2.73 (2.44, 3.10)
|
2.76 (2.46, 3.10)
|
0.534
|
2.85 (2.54, 3.20)
|
2.74 (2.45, 3.07)
|
< 0.001
|
|
sTfR, mg/L
|
1.31 (1.08, 1.60)
|
1.27 (1.05, 1.55)
|
0.092
|
1.27 (1.01, 1.53)
|
1.28 (1.06, 1.56)
|
0.054
|
1.30 (1.03, 1.58)
|
1.27 (1.06, 1.55)
|
0.991
|
|
Hemoglobin, g/L
|
156.0 (147.0, 165.0)
|
151.0 (142.0, 161.0)
|
< 0.001
|
153.0 (143.0, 163.0)
|
152.0 (142.0, 162.0)
|
0.038
|
155.0 (146.3, 165.0)
|
152.0 (142.0, 162.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Women (n = 4059)
|
≥ 1.19 (n = 610)
|
< 1.19 (n = 3499)
|
P
|
< 0.91 (n = 573)
|
≥ 0.91 (n = 3486)
|
P
|
≥ 1.08 (n = 604)
|
< 1.08 (n = 3455)
|
P
|
|
Age, year
|
58.96 (52.09, 67.15)
|
48.19 (39.0, 59.32)
|
< 0.001
|
47.57 (38.35, 59.68)
|
51.51 (40.88, 61.28)
|
< 0.001
|
57.10 (49.0, 66.27)
|
49.10 (39.16, 59.84)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Han nationality, %
|
88.5
|
88.9
|
0.805
|
93.4
|
88.1
|
< 0.001
|
91.2
|
88.4
|
0.042
|
|
Rural area, %
|
63.0
|
70.0
|
0.001
|
66.8
|
69.2
|
0.249
|
60.9
|
70.3
|
< 0.001
|
|
Education < high school, %
|
84.9
|
79.5
|
0.002
|
80.3
|
80.3
|
0.994
|
84.3
|
79.6
|
0.008
|
|
Smoking, %
|
5.1
|
3.4
|
0.04
|
4.5
|
3.5
|
0.219
|
6.5
|
3.2
|
< 0.001
|
|
Drink frequency ≥ 3/week, %
|
2.1
|
1.9
|
0.683
|
2.1
|
1.9
|
0.745
|
2.2
|
1.9
|
0.654
|
|
Body mass index, kg/m2
|
24.4 (22.2, 26.8)
|
22.8 (20.7, 25.2)
|
< 0.001
|
24.2 (21.8, 26.5)
|
22.9 (20.8, 25.3)
|
< 0.001
|
24.6 (22.4, 27.2)
|
22.8 (20.7, 25.2)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Waist-to-hip ratio
|
0.88 (0.84, 0.92)
|
0.85 (0.80, 0.90)
|
< 0.001
|
0.86 (0.81, 0.91)
|
0.86 (0.81, 0.90)
|
0.159
|
0.88 (0.84, 0.92)
|
0.85 (0.81, 0.90)
|
< 0.001
|
|
MET-hours/week
|
65.6 (38.0, 127.2)
|
89.2 (47.0, 174.9)
|
< 0.001
|
84.8 (47.6, 167.1)
|
85.0 (44.9, 168.3)
|
0.519
|
67.7 (38.5, 129.0)
|
88.9 (47.0, 174.4)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Energy intake, kcal/day
|
1861.4 (1498.12240.4)
|
1928.6 (1573.32293.4)
|
0.011
|
1995.8 (1595.7, 2332.0)
|
1899.0 (1553.22272.9)
|
0.004
|
1850.4 (1530.82242.2)
|
1928.6 (1567.82289.9)
|
0.155
|
|
Fat, %
|
32.8 (25.3, 39.6)
|
31.1 (24.0, 38.2)
|
0.003
|
31.3 (23.5, 38.0)
|
31.4 (24.2, 38.7)
|
0.466
|
32.0 (24.7, 39.2)
|
31.2 (24.1, 38.4)
|
0.131
|
|
Protein, %
|
12.5 (10.7, 14.4)
|
12.2 (10.5, 14.2)
|
0.042
|
12.2 (10.6, 14.2)
|
12.2 (10.5, 14.2)
|
0.822
|
12.4 (10.6, 14.4)
|
12.2 (10.5, 14.2)
|
0.251
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
3.04 (2.01, 4.76)
|
2.25 (1.59, 3.36)
|
< 0.001
|
2.53 (1.67, 3.90)
|
2.33 (1.64, 3.50)
|
0.083
|
2.99 (1.94, 4.58)
|
2.26 (1.60, 3.38)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Hs-CRP, mg/L
|
2.0 (1.0, 4.0)
|
1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
|
< 0.001
|
1.0 (1.0, 2.0)
|
1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
|
0.002
|
2.0 (1.0, 4.0)
|
1.0 (0.0, 2.0)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Serum ferritin, μg/L
|
82.05 (47.05, 140.52)
|
45.91 (21.78, 83.90)
|
< 0.001
|
44.95 (22.14, 88.76)
|
51.3 (24.1, 91.90)
|
0.129
|
72.17 (39.39, 125.29)
|
47.01 (22.32, 86.71)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Transferrin, g/L
|
2.93 (2.59, 3.28)
|
2.87 (2.57, 3.25)
|
0.169
|
2.84 (2.57, 3.23)
|
2.89 (2.57, 3.26)
|
0.447
|
2.88 (2.59, 3.24)
|
2.88 (2.57, 3.26)
|
0.626
|
|
sTfR, mg/L
|
1.42 (1.19, 1.72)
|
1.39 (1.14, 1.73)
|
0.324
|
1.35 (1.08, 1.73)
|
1.40 (1.16, 1.73)
|
0.020
|
1.38 (1.10, 1.68)
|
1.40 (1.15, 1.74)
|
0.082
|
|
Hemoglobin, g/L
|
135.0 (126.8, 143.0)
|
131.0 (122.0, 140.0)
|
< 0.001
|
131.0 (121.0, 140.0)
|
132.0 (123.0, 140.0)
|
0.103
|
135.0 (126.0, 143.0)
|
131.0 (123.0, 140.0)
|
< 0.001
|
