Table 4 Associations of circulating linoleic acid with glucose metabolism and liver function markersa,b
Tertiles of circulating linoleic acid | P-trendc | β (95% CI) per 1 SD | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | T2 | T3 | ||||
Glucose metabolism markers | ||||||
Plasma glucose, mmol/L | ||||||
Model 1 | 4.94 (4.79, 5.09) | 4.88 (4.73, 5.03) | 4.82 (4.67, 4.97) | 0.28 | −0.009 (− 0.027, 0.009) | 0.34 |
Model 2 | 4.90 (4.75, 5.06) | 4.88 (4.73, 5.03) | 4.85 (4.70, 5.00) | 0.62 | −0.005 (− 0.024, 0.014) | 0.59 |
HbA1c, % | ||||||
Model 1 | 5.59 (5.50, 5.69) | 5.63 (5.54, 5.73) | 5.71 (5.61, 5.81) | 0.10 | 0.009 (−0.002, 0.019) | 0.10 |
Model 2 | 5.61 (5.52, 5.71) | 5.63 (5.53, 5.72) | 5.69 (5.60, 5.79) | 0.28 | 0.006 (−0.005, 0.016) | 0.29 |
Liver function markers (subsample, n = 613) | ||||||
Serum GGT, U/L | ||||||
Model 1 | 85.5 (76.4, 95.7) | 54.9 (49.1, 61.3) | 38.7 (34.6, 43.3) | < 0.001 | −0.32 (−0.39, − 0.26) | < 0.001 |
Model 2 | 77.2 (69.1, 86.4) | 55.4 (49.8, 61.7) | 42.3 (37.9, 47.2) | < 0.001 | −0.25 (− 0.31, − 0.18) | < 0.001 |
Serum ALT, U/L | ||||||
Model 1 | 19.4 (18.0, 20.9) | 17.3 (16.0, 18.6) | 16.5 (15.3, 17.8) | 0.004 | −0.068 (− 0.112, − 0.024) | 0.002 |
Model 2 | 18.9 (17.5, 20.4) | 17.3 (16.1, 18.7) | 16.9 (15.6, 18.2) | 0.05 | −0.050 (− 0.096, − 0.003) | 0.036 |
Serum AST, U/L | ||||||
Model 1 | 31.5 (29.0, 34.3) | 26.9 (24.7, 29.1) | 23.9 (22.0, 25.9) | < 0.001 | −0.121 (− 0.168, − 0.073) | < 0.001 |
Model 2 | 30.2 (27.8, 32.8) | 26.9 (24.9, 29.1) | 24.8 (22.9, 26.9) | 0.001 | −0.090 (− 0.139, − 0.041) | < 0.001 |