Fig. 3

AdipoRon increases the release of S1P from cells. L6 cells were incubated with 0.1 mM palmitate (PA) or vehicle control (Con) and were also treated with 35 μM AdipoRon as indicated for 24 h after which S1P levels were measured in a) L6 cells and b) cell media. a = P < 0.05 vs Con, b = P < 0.05 vs Con+AdipoRon, c = P < 0.05 vs PA, red bolded letters indicate P values which were rendered nonsignificant > 0.05 after FDR calculation, n = 4. In a subset of cells 2.5 μM S1P was added for either 2 or 4 h following which c) ROS was measured using DCF-DA. Additionally after 24 h cell death (shown as % toxicity) was measured using d) MTT E) LDH. Graphs are displayed as boxplots; c = P < 0.05 vs PA, d = P < 0.05 vs PA + AdipoRon, e = P < 0.05 vs corresponding PA + S1P, n = 4