Beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia: possible mechanisms

Table 1 Effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on symptoms and functions in schizophrenia

Trial	Authors	Omega-3 treatment			Effects of omega-3 treatment					ARR	95% CI	RRR
		EPA, DHA (mg/d)	Intervention (Follow-up)	ω3 level	Symptoms (PANSS scores)				Functions
		EPA, DHA (mg/d)	Intervention (Follow-up)	ω3 level	T	P	N	G	GAF
Prodromal
1	Amminger et al. (2007) [118]	EPA (800) + DHA (700)	12 weeks	-	-	↓	-	↓	↑	18.5%	4.6-32.4	87.7%
2	Amminger et al. (2010) [119]	EPA (700) + DHA (400)	12 weeks (40 weeks)	-	↓	↓	↓	↓	↑	22.6%	4.8-40.4	82.2%
2	Amminger et al. (2015) [120]	EPA (700) + DHA (400)	12 weeks (6.7 years)	-	↓	↓	↓	↓	↑	30.2%	10.1-50.4	75%
First-episode psychosis
1	Berger et al. (2008) [121]	EPA (2000)	12 weeks	-	-	-	↓	-	↑
1	Wood et al. (2010) [122]	EPA (2000)	12 weeks	-	-	-	↓	-	-
2	Pawełczyk et al. (2016) [48]	EPA (1320) + DHA (880)	26 weeks	-	↓	NS	NS	↓	↑
2	Pawełczyk et al. (2017) [123]	EPA (1320) + DHA (880)	26 weeks	-	-	-	↓	↓	↑
3	Robinson et al. (2019) [124]	EPA (740) + DHA (400)	16 weeks	-	-	-	↓	-	-
Chronic schizophrenia
1	Peet et al. (2001) [125]	EPA or DHA (2000)	12 weeks	↑	↓	↓	NS	-	-
2	Emsley et al. (2002) [126]	EPA (3000)	12 weeks	-	↓	-	-	-	-
3	Arvindakshan et al. (2003) [24]	EPA (180) + DHA (120)	16 weeks	↑	↓	-	-	↓	-
4	Sivrioglu et al. (2007) [127]	EPA (180) + DHA (120)	16 weeks	-	-	-	↓	-	-
5	Jamilian et al. (2014) [128]	EPA (180) + DHA (120)	8 weeks	-	↓	NS	NS	↓	-

Abbreviations: 95% CI 95% Confidence Interval, ARR Absolute risk reduction, DHA docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3), EPA eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), G global subscale score, GAF global assessment of functioning scale, N negative subscale score, NS no significant difference, P Positive subscale score, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, RRR Relative risk reduction, T total subscale score, - information not available, ↓ decrease, ↑ increase

ISSN: 1476-511X