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Table 3 Estimated direct, indirect effects related factor for CVD

From: Pathways leading to prevention of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease: An interaction model on 15 years population-based cohort study

Type of effect

Direct effect

Indirect effect

 

Coefficient

SD

95% CI

 

Coefficient

SD

95% CI

Age- > total CVD

0.002

0.0008

(0.001,0.004)

Lipids- > HDL

1

  

Lipids- > LDL

0.25

0.007

(0.22,0.26)

Lipids- > Tgd

0.84

0.02

(0.81, 0.88)

Lipids- > Cho

0.47

0.01

(0.44,0.50)

Family history - > total CVD

0.000

0.0006

(−0.001,0.0009)

Anthropometric- > HC

1

  

Anthropometric- > WC

0.78

0.006

(0.77,0.80)

Anthropometric- > BMI

0.10

0.01

(0.08,0.11)

Sex - > total CVD

0.004

0.001

(0.007,0.012)

Unhealthy life style- > smoking

1

  

Risky behaviour - > depression and anxiety

0.79

0.1

(0.42,1.22)

Risky behaviour - > unhealthy diet behaviour

− 0.57

0.2

(− 0.99, − 0.16)

Lipids - > total CVD

0.26

0.01

(0.26,0.28)

Comorbidities- > DM

1

  

Comorbidities- > BP

0.74

0.006

(0.73, 0.75)

Anthropometric - > total CVD

0.24

0.01

(0.22,0.26)

Quality of life- > Environmental Heath

1

  

Quality of life- > Social Relationship

0.45

0.004

(0.44,0.47)

Quality of life- > Mental Health

0.52

0.005

(0.51,0.54)

Quality of life- > Physical Health

0.53

0.004

(0.51,0.54)

risky behaviour- > total CVD

0.13

0.03

(0.10,0.14)

Healthy lifestyle component- > physical activity

1

  

Healthy lifestyle component- > Healthy diet behaviour

0.99

0.01

(0.95,1.03)

Comorbidities - > total CVD - > CVD

0.10

0.001

(0.08, 0.11)

Lipids < −> Anthropometric

0.99

0.15

(0.84,1.49)

Lipids < −> Risky behaviour

0.55

0.13

(0.22,0.80)

Lipids < −> Comorbidities

0.67

0.08

(0.53,0.89)

Lipids < −> Quality of life

−0.92

0.12

(−1.18, −0.71)

Lipids < −>healthy lifestyle component

−0.90

0.12

(−1.16, − 0.70)

Quality of life - > total CVD

− 0.17

0.01

(− 0.18, − 0.15)

Anthropometric < −> Risky behaviour

0.52

0.12

(0.22,0.75)

Anthropometric < −> Comorbidities

0.64

0.09

(0.50, 0.85)

Anthropometric < −> Quality of life

−0.87

0.12

(−1.12, − 0.67)

Anthropometric < −> healthy lifestyle component

−0.85

0.11

(− 1.11, − 0.67)

Healthy

lifestyle - > total CVD

− 0.16

0.008

(− 0.17, − 0.14)

Risky behaviour < −> Comorbidities

0.315

0.07

(0.13,0.45)

Risky behaviour < −> Quality of life

−0.44

0.10

(−0.63, − 0.18)

Risky behaviour < −> healthy lifestyle component

−0.43

0.10

(−0.61, − 0.18)

    

Comorbidities

<− > Quality of life

−0.54

0.07

(−0.72, − 0.43)

Comorbidities

<− > healthy lifestyle component

−0.52

0.07

(−0.71, − 0.42)

    

Quality of life < −> healthy lifestyle component

0.71

0.09

(0.56,0.92)

  1. Abbreviations: cardiovascular disease, HDL high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoproteins –cholesterol, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, HC hip circumference, WC Waist circumference, BMI Body mass index, BP blood pressure, DM diabetes mellitus