Effects of whey protein on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials

Table 2 The effects of whey protein intake on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins

Variables	Number of effect sizes	Weighted mean difference	CI 95%	Heterogeneity
Variables	Number of effect sizes	Weighted mean difference	CI 95%	I² (%)	P- value heterogeneity
FPG	20	-0.61	−2.83, 1.62	90.0	< 0.001
HbA1C	6	−0.15	−0.29, − 0.01	91.3	< 0.001
Insulin	14	−0.94	−1.68, − 0.21	62.9	< 0.001
HOMA-IR	13	−0.20	−0.36, − 0.05	67.2	< 0.001
TC	22	−10.88	−18.60, −3.17	92.5	< 0.001
TG	22	−17.12	−26.52, −7.72	91.6	< 0.001
LDL	19	−8.47	−16.59, −0.36	94.3	< 0.001
HDL	21	−0.13	−1.74, 1.48	94.3	< 0.001
TC/HDL	3	−0.26	−0.41, − 0.10	00.0	0.53

HOMA IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, HDL-C HDL-cholesterol, LDL-C LDL-cholesterol

ISSN: 1476-511X