LDL-C/HDL-C is associated with ischaemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a case-control study

Table 2 Univariate logistic regression analysis for risk factors of ischaemic stroke

Characteristic	β	SE	Waldχ²	OR	95% CI	P
Age (years)
< 65	Reference
65 to 74	0.57	0.11	27.74	1.77	1.43, 2.20	< 0.01
≥ 75	0.89	0.11	72.50	2.44	1.99, 3.00	< 0.01
Women	0.33	0.08	14.98	1.38	1.17, 1.63	< 0.01
Hypertension	0.43	0.08	27.19	1.54	1.31, 1.80	< 0.01
Diabetes mellitus	0.10	0.10	0.91	1.10	0.91, 1.33	0.34
Vascular disease	0.49	0.12	17.38	1.64	1.30, 2.06	< 0.01
CHA₂DS₂-VASc score	1.27	0.05	724.32	3.55	3.24, 3.90	< 0.01
Smoking	0.44	0.09	25.16	1.55	1.31, 1.84	< 0.01
Drinking	0.13	0.11	1.36	1.14	0.92, 1.42	0.24
Heart failure	−0.14	0.08	2.88	0.87	0.74, 1.02	0.09
TG (mmol/L)
≤ 2.26	Reference
> 2.26	−0.19	0.21	0.77	0.83	0.55, 1.26	0.38
TC (mmol/L)
≤ 6.22	Reference
> 6.22	0.16	0.31	0.26	1.18	0.64, 2.17	0.61
non-HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.09	0.03	9.03	1.09	1.03, 1.16	< 0.01
LDL-C (mmol/L)
≤ 4.14	Reference
> 4.14	1.72	0.23	54.25	5.57	3.53, 8.80	< 0.01
HDL-C (mmol/L)
≥ 1.04	−2.05	0.08	6.47	0.81	0.70, 0.95	0.01
< 1.04	Reference
LDL-C/HDL-C
First quartile (< 1.22)	Reference
Second quartile [1.22, 1.71)	0.69	0.17	16.48	2.00	1.43, 2.79	< 0.01
Third quartile [1.71, 2.73)	1.48	0.16	88.09	4.39	3.22, 5.79	< 0.01
Fourth quartile (≥2.73)	2.58	0.15	289.19	13.26	9.84, 17.86	< 0.01
Body mass index (kg/m²)
< 24	Reference
[24, 28)	0.43	0.09	23.18	1.54	1.29, 1.83	< 0.01
≥ 28	0.34	0.12	7.77	1.41	1.11, 1.79	< 0.01
Uric acid (umol/L)	−0.001	0.00	8.46	1.00	0.999, 1.000	< 0.01
Creatinine (mmol/L)	0.00	0.001	0.06	1.00	0.998, 1.001	0.80
Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L)	−0.01	0.02	0.45	0.99	0.96, 1.02	0.50
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)
< 7	Reference
≥ 7	0.13	0.10	1.62	1.13	0.94, 1.38	0.20

HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-HDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, OR odds ratio, SE standard error

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