Table 1 Baseline characteristics compared between users and non-users of LLD and AHD
| Â | All patients a | Users of lipid-lowering drugs b | Users of antihypertensive drugs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | P value c | Yes | No | P value c | ||
N | 283 | 130 | 153 | – | 89 | 194 | – |
Age, years | (18–59) | 48 (42, 54) | 34 (27, 44) | <  0.001 | 49 (42, 56) | 38 (29, 47) | <  0.001 |
Diabetes duration, years | (1–55) | 26 (14, 35) | 17 (9, 23) | <  0.001 | 29 (20, 36) | 16 (9, 25) | <  0.001 |
Sex | |||||||
 Women | 124 (44) | 54 (42) | 70 (46) | 0.55 | 31 (35) | 93 (48) | 0.040 |
 Men | 159 (56) | 76 (58) | 83 (54) | 58 (65) | 101 (52) | ||
Abdominal obesity e | 46 (16) | 29 (23) | 17 (11) | 0.015 d | 20 (23) | 26 (14) | 0.082 |
General obesity f | 34 (12) | 16 (12) | 18 (12) | >  0.99 d | 10 (11) | 24 (12) | 0.85 |
Hypoglycemia, severe episodes | 12 (4) | 7 (5) | 5 (3) | 0.39 d | 2 (2) | 10 (5) | 0.35 |
Systolic BP, mmHg | (90–160) | 125 (119, 135) | 120 (110, 130) | <  0.001 | 130 (125, 138) | 120 (110, 125) | <  0.001 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | (55–100) | 70 (70, 75) | 70 (65, 75) | 0.44 | 70 (70, 79) | 70 (65, 75) | 0.007 |
Depression | 29 (10) | 14 (11) | 15 (10) | 0.84 | 10 (11) | 19 (10) | 0.68 |
Smoking g | 28 (10) | 13 (10) | 15 (11) | >  0.99 d | 6 (7) | 22 (12) | 0.28 |
Physical inactivity h | 29 (11) | 10 (8) | 19 (14) | 0.17 d | 8 (9) | 21 (12) | 0.68 |
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | 25 (9) | 10 (8) | 15 (10) | 0.68d | 7 (8) | 18 (9) | 0.82 |
Lipid-lowering drugs | 130 (46) | – | – |  | 58 (65) | 72 (37) | <  0.001 |
Antihypertensive drugs | 89 (31) | 58 (45) | 31 (20) | <  0.001 d | – | – | – |
Antidepressants | 22 (8) | 15 (12) | 7 (5) | 0.043 | 9 (10) | 13 (7) | 0.34 |
Corticosteroids, nasal or inhaled | 26 (9) | 13 (10) | 13 (8) | 0.68 | 10 (11) | 16 (8) | 0.51 |
Cardiovascular complications | 10 (4) | 9 (7) | 1 (1) | 0.007 d | 7 (8) | 3 (2) | 0.013 |