Table 3 Summary of pharmacokinetic parameters for berberine after single and multiple doses of BUDCA

Day 1

AUC_last (hr^.ng/mL)

2.9 (± 1.4)

3.3 (± 2.4)

7.2 (± 3.8)

C_max (ng/mL)

0.4 (± 0.2)

0.4 (± 0.3)

0.9 (± 0.5)

T_max (hr)

3.5 [2.0–8.3]

4.0 [2.0–8.0]

4.0 [3.0–12.0]

T_1/2 (hr)

9.0 (± 1.5)

10.6 (± 2.5)

7.8 (± 0.6)

Day 28

AUC_last (hr^.ng/mL)

11.0 (± 4.3)

17.0 (± 9.1)

28.3 (± 21.2)

C_max (ng/mL)

0.68 (± 0.2)

1.5 (± 1.2)

1.8 (1.3)

T_{max (}ng/mL)

4.0 [0–4.0]

4.0 [0.3–12.0]

4.0 [2.0–12.0]

T_1/2 (hr)

N.D.