Table 1 Characteristics of study participants with or without PAD
Variables | Total (n = 10,900) | non-PAD (n = 10,590) | PAD (n = 310) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 63.9 ± 9.3 | 63.6 ± 9.1 | 71.6 ± 10.0 | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 5129 (47.1%) | 4958 (46.8%) | 171 (55.2%) | 0.004 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.6 ± 3.8 | 23.6 ± 3.8 | 22.5 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 |
SBP, mm Hg | 148.5 ± 18.2 | 148.4 ± 18.0 | 152.8 ± 22.7 | < 0.001 |
DBP, mm Hg | 89.1 ± 11.5 | 89.2 ± 11.5 | 84.1 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 |
Current smoking, n (%) | 2868 (26.3%) | 2745 (25.9%) | 123 (39.7%) | < 0.001 |
Current alcohol drinking, n (%) | 2469 (22.7%) | 2409 (22.8%) | 60 (19.4%) | 0.159 |
Self-reported diabetes, n (%) | 1176 (10.8%) | 1145 (10.8%) | 31 (10.0%) | 0.650 |
Self-reported stroke, n (%) | 708 (6.5%) | 667 (6.3%) | 41 (13.2%) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory results | ||||
 Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 6.2 ± 1.6 | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 0.439 |
 Total homocysteine, μmol/L | 18.0 ± 11.0 | 17.9 ± 10.8 | 22.5 ± 17.1 | < 0.001 |
 eGFR, mL · min− 1 · 1.73 m− 2 | 88.7 ± 20.4 | 89.1 ± 20.1 | 74.8 ± 23.3 | < 0.001 |
 TC, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 0.966 |
 TG, mmol/L | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 0.069 |
 LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.0 ± 0.8 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 0.156 |
 HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
 TC/HDL-C ratio | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.4 ± 0.8 | 3.5 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
 TG/HDL-C ratio | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.304 |
 LDL-C/HDL-C ratio | 2.0 ± 0.7 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 |
 Non-HDL-C, mmol/L | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.0 | 3.6 ± 1.1 | 0.163 |
Medication use, n (%) | ||||
 Antihypertensive drugs | 7155 (65.6%) | 6930 (65.4%) | 225 (72.6%) | 0.009 |
 Glucose-lowering drugs | 572 (5.2%) | 554 (5.2%) | 18 (5.8%) | 0.654 |
 Lipoprotein-lowering drugs | 381 (3.5%) | 369 (3.5%) | 12 (3.9%) | 0.715 |
 Antiplatelet drugs | 429 (3.9%) | 409 (3.9%) | 20 (6.5%) | 0.021 |