Characteristics* | Quintiles of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio | P value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (< 1.16) | Q2 (1.16–1.67) | Q3 (1.67–2.10) | Q4 (2.10–2.79) | Q5 (≥2.79) | ||
N | 1387 | 1389 | 1389 | 1387 | 1389 | |
Demographics | ||||||
Age, years | 71.75 ± 5.51 | 71.67 ± 5.59 | 71.10 ± 5.36 | 70.78 ± 5.06cf | 70.69 ± 4.89dg | < 0.001 |
Male, % | 836 (60.27) | 691 (49.75) a | 629 (45.28) b | 581 (41.89) cf | 607 (43.70) d | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 20.85 ± 4.95 | 21.91 ± 3.26a | 22.77 ± 3.07be | 23.56 ± 3.25cfh | 24.15 ± 3.18dgij | < 0.001 |
Smoking, % | < 0.001 | |||||
Never | 638 (46.00) | 732 (52.74) | 778 (56.01) | 788 (56.85) | 768 (55.33) | |
Former | 263 (18.96) | 258 (18.59) | 283 (20.37) | 260 (18.76) | 259 (18.66) | |
Current | 486 (35.04) | 398 (28.67) a | 328 (23.61) b | 338 (24.39) c | 361 (26.01) d | |
Alcohol consumption, % | 473 (34.10) | 297 (21.40) a | 241 (17.35) b | 222 (16.02) cf | 199 (14.34) dg | < 0.001 |
History of disease, % | ||||||
Stroke | 74 (5.34) | 78 (5.62) | 90 (6.48) | 90 (6.49) | 130 (9.36) d | 0.001 |
CVD | 75 (5.41) | 95 (6.84) | 86 (6.19) | 89 (6.42) | 89 (6.41) | 0.620 |
Diabetes | 158 (11.39) | 180 (12.96) | 206 (14.83) | 274 (19.75) cf | 354 (25.49) dgi | < 0.001 |
Blood pressure | ||||||
Systolic BP, mmHg | 149.30 ± 18.83 | 149.53 ± 18.69 | 150.66 ± 17.87 | 150.47 ± 18.18 | 150.33 ± 18.47 | 0.199 |
Diastolic BP, mmHg | 84.88 ± 10.86 | 85.22 ± 10.71 | 85.77 ± 10.22 | 85.32 ± 10.07 | 86.04 ± 10.07 | 0.030 |
Lipids | ||||||
TC, mmol/L | 4.68 ± 0.95 | 4.95 ± 0.97 a | 5.15 ± 1.03 be | 5.37 ± 1.07 cfh | 5.68 ± 1.19 dgij | < 0.001 |
TG, mmol/L | 0.98 ± 0.44 | 1.24 ± 0.61 a | 1.47 ± 0.72 be | 1.89 ± 1.03 cfh | 2.37 ± 1.34 dgij | < 0.001 |
LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.21 ± 0.53 | 2.68 ± 0.55 a | 2.98 ± 0.62 be | 3.24 ± 0.67 cfh | 3.64 ± 0.78 dgij | < 0.001 |
HDL-C, mmol/L | 2.03 ± 0.46 | 1.74 ± 0.36 a | 1.59 ± 0.33 be | 1.45 ± 0.30 cfh | 1.27 ± 0.27 dgij | < 0.001 |
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio | 1.10 ± 0.20 | 1.54 ± 0.10 a | 1.88 ± 0.10 be | 2.24 ± 0.11 cfh | 2.89 ± 0.41 dgij | < 0.001 |
Other plasma parameters | ||||||
Hcy, μmol/L | 19.10 ± 11.19 | 19.32 ± 11.28 | 18.91 ± 11.10 | 19.18 ± 11.94 | 19.72 ± 12.54 | 0.439 |
FBG, mmol/L | 5.90 ± 1.23 | 6.00 ± 1.35 | 6.06 ± 1.64 | 6.19 ± 1.46 cf | 6.43 ± 1.81 dgij | < 0.001 |
Albumin, g/L | 45.57 ± 4.27 | 45.83 ± 4.06 | 45.90 ± 3.98 | 46.18 ± 3.89 c | 45.98 ± 3.96 | 0.002 |
SUA, μmol/L | 413.30 ± 123.79 | 411.09 ± 114.47 | 415.57 ± 118.22 | 429.92 ± 122.14 cf | 450.71 ± 120.26 dgij | < 0.001 |
eGFR, ml/min/1.73m2 | 81.52 ± 19.56 | 81.51 ± 18.15 | 81.46 ± 19.33 | 80.44 ± 19.26 | 78.26 ± 20.21 dgi | < 0.001 |
Medication use, % | ||||||
Antihypertensive drugs | 874 (63.01) | 897 (64.63) | 959 (69.04) | 948 (68.40) | 983 (70.82) d | < 0.001 |
Antiplatelet drugs | 34 (2.45) | 33 (2.38) | 38 (2.74) | 43 (3.10) | 39 (2.81) | 0.773 |
Glucose-lowering drugs | 34 (2.45) | 47 (3.38) | 56 (4.03) | 85 (6.13) c | 100 (7.20) dg | < 0.001 |