Table 1 Characteristics and ORs of abnormal lipid indices of the study participants according to categories of gender (n = 21,472)

Age (years)

47.7 ± 7.9

48.2 ± 8.3

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Han

14,822 (95.5)

5587 (93.8)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Other

694 (4.5)

369 (6.2)

0.95 (−0.06)

1.00 (0.00)

1.05 (0.05)

1.16 (0.15)

1.01 (0.01)

1.07 (0.07)

1.00 (0.00)

0.94 (−0.06)

 Universities

10,629 (68.5)

2976 (50.0)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 High School

4523 (29.2)

2507 (42.1)

0.97 (0.08)

1.02 (0.02)

1.07 (0.07)

1.21 (0.19)’

1.28 (0.25)”

1.43 (0.36)”

0.96 (−0.04)

1.11 (− 0.10)

 Primary school

364 (2.3)

473 (7.9)

1.09 (−0.03)

0.92 (−0.09)

0.81 (− 0.21)

1.06 (0.06)

1.12 (0.11)

1.38 (0.32)’

1.00 (0.00)

0.91 (0.10)

P for trend

0.79

0.69

0.54

0.08

<  0.001

<  0.01

0.35

0.73

BMI (kg/m²)^a

25.7 ± 3.2

23.5 ± 3.3

 Low (≤18.5)

164 (1.1)

278 (4.7)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Normal (18.6–23.9)

4156 (26.8)

3311 (55.6)

2.63 (0.97)”

1.38 (0.32)

7.44 (2.01)”

6.47 (1.87)”

5.01 (1.61)”

4.68 (1.54)”

3.08 (1.13)”

2.69 (0.99)”

 Overweight (24.0–27.9)

7858 (50.6)

1815 (30.5)

3.19 (1.16)”

1.49 (0.40)’

17.02 (2.84)”

13.29 (2.59)”

10.34 (2.34)”

10.50 (2.35)”

3.57 (1.27)”

3.47(1.24)”

 Obesity (≥28.0)

3338 (21.5)

552 (9.3)

3.49 (1.25)”

1.39 (0.33)

23.43 (3.15)”

14.08 (2.65)”

14.46 (2.67)”

15.20 (2.72)”

3.79 (1.33)”

3.71(1.31)”

P for trend

<  0.001

0.15

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

WC (cm)^a

91.6 ± 8.4

79.8 ± 8.5

 Normal (< 85 for men; < 80 for women)

2898 (18.7)

2998 (50.3)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Exceed (≥85 for men; ≥80 for women)

12,618 (81.3)

2958 (49.7)

1.51 (0.41)”

1.12 (0.12)

3.12 (1.14)”

2.63 (0.97)”

2.73 (1.01)”

2.77 (1.02)”

1.44 (0.37)”

1.37 (0.32)”

P for trend

<  0.001

0.06

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

<  0.001

 Never

2515 (16.2)

4316 (72.5)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Former

2035 (13.1)

665 (11.2)

0.94 (−0.06)

1.21 (0.19)’

1.10 (0.10)

1.09 (0.09)

1.10 (0.10)

1.01 (0.01)

0.93 (−0.07)

1.19 (0.17)

 Current

10,966 (70.7)

975 (16.4)

1.48 (0.39)”

1.23 (0.21)’

1.66 (0.51)”

0.82 (−0.20)’

0.66 (− 0.42)”

0.73 (− 0.32)”

1.10 (0.09)

1.09 (0.09)

P for trend

<  0.001

<  0.05

<  0.001

0.11

<  0.001

< 0.05

<  0.05

0.13

 Never

6519 (42.0)

5734 (96.3)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Quit

2297 (14.8)

52 (0.9)

0.98 (−0.02)

0.81 (−0.21)

1.19 (0.18)”

1.12 (0.12)

1.15 (0.14)’

0.52 (− 0.66)

0.98 (− 0.02)

0.66 (− 0.41)

 Current

6700 (43.2)

170(2.9)

1.06 (0.05)

1.30 (0.26)

1.53 (0.42)”

1.18 (0.17)

1.64 (0.50)”

1.72 (0.54)’

1.00 (0.00)

1.08 (0.08)

P for trend

0.11

0.19

<  0.001

0.35

<  0.001

<  0.05

0.91

0.91

 Low

10,438 (67.3)

3977 (66.8)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 Moderate

4096 (26.4)

1704 (28.6)

0.87 (−0.15)”

1.06 (0.04)

0.75 (−0.28)”

1.01 (0.01)

0.83 (− 0.19)”

0.95 (− 0.05)

0.96 (− 0.04)

0.96 (− 0.04)

 High

982 (6.3)

275 (4.6)

0.81 (− 0.21)’

0.92 (− 0.08)

0.63 (− 0.47)”

0.86 (− 0.15)

0.67 (− 0.40)”

0.79 (− 0.24)

0.98 (− 0.02)

0.84 (− 0.17)

P for trend

<  0.001

0.82

<  0.001

0.61

<  0.001

0.09

0.50

0.26