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Table 1 General characteristics of the study population by age group and education level (n = 2049)

From: Associations between age and dyslipidemia are differed by education level: The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center (CMERC) cohort

Variables

Age, year

p-value

Education level

p-value

30–39

40–49

50–59

60–64

Low

High

(n = 313)

(n = 366)

(n = 996)

(n = 374)

(n = 1245)

(n = 804)

Age, year

34.9

±

2.4

45.2

±

2.9

55.2

±

2.7

61.7

±

1.8

< 0.0001

54.1

±

7.3

47.4

±

9.9

< 0.0001

Body mass index, kg/m2

22.1

±

3.0

23.1

±

2.9

23.6

±

2.8

24.1

±

2.9

< 0.0001

23.7

±

2.9

22.9

±

2.9

< 0.0001

Education level

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Elementary school or below

0

 

(0.0)

4

 

(1.1)

79

 

(7.9)

72

 

(19.3)

 

155

 

(12.5)

    

 Middle school

2

 

(0.6)

13

 

(3.6)

144

 

(14.5)

73

 

(19.5)

 

232

 

(18.6)

    

 High school

78

 

(24.9)

167

 

(45.6)

478

 

(48.0)

135

 

(36.1)

 

858

 

(68.9)

    

 College or above

233

 

(74.4)

182

 

(49.7)

295

 

(29.6)

94

 

(25.1)

    

804

 

(100.0)

 

Household income

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Low

77

 

(24.6)

89

 

(24.3)

257

 

(25.8)

102

 

(27.3)

 

310

 

(24.9)

192

 

(23.9)

 

 Middle-low

71

 

(22.7)

69

 

(18.9)

236

 

(23.7)

82

 

(21.9)

 

294

 

(23.6)

207

 

(25.7)

 

 Middle-high

83

 

(26.5)

113

 

(30.9)

246

 

(24.7)

94

 

(25.1)

 

328

 

(26.4)

192

 

(23.9)

 

 High

82

 

(26.2)

95

 

(26.0)

257

 

(25.8)

96

 

(25.7)

 

313

 

(25.1)

213

 

(26.5)

 

Occupation

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 White collar

156

 

(49.8)

130

 

(35.5)

202

 

(20.3)

35

 

(9.4)

 

174

 

(14.0)

353

 

(43.9)

 

 Blue collar

33

 

(10.5)

102

 

(27.9)

342

 

(34.3)

85

 

(22.7)

 

471

 

(37.8)

91

 

(11.3)

 

 Unemployed

124

 

(39.6)

134

 

(36.6)

452

 

(45.4)

254

 

(67.9)

 

600

 

(48.2)

360

 

(44.8)

 

Current smoking status

            

< 0.0001

      

0.32

 Non-smoker

262

 

(83.7)

332

 

(90.7)

960

 

(96.4)

359

 

(96.0)

 

1159

 

(93.1)

754

 

(93.8)

 

 Former smoker

28

 

(9.0)

14

 

(3.8)

18

 

(1.8)

12

 

(3.2)

 

42

 

(3.4)

30

 

(3.7)

 

 Current smoker

23

 

(7.4)

20

 

(5.5)

18

 

(1.8)

3

 

(0.8)

 

44

 

(3.5)

20

 

(2.5)

 

Current drinking status

            

< 0.0001

      

0.33

 Non-drinker

56

 

(17.9)

112

 

(30.6)

370

 

(37.2)

157

 

(42.0)

 

434

 

(34.9)

261

 

(32.5)

 

 Former drinker

19

 

(6.1)

7

 

(1.9)

31

 

(3.1)

9

 

(2.4)

 

37

 

(3.0)

29

 

(3.6)

 

 Current drinker

238

 

(76.0)

247

 

(67.5)

595

 

(59.7)

208

 

(55.6)

 

774

 

(62.2)

514

 

(63.9)

 

Physical activity, MET-min/week

2134.7

±

3034.2

2309.5

±

3076.8

2663.3

±

3433.0

2644.0

±

2741.4

0.03

2810.1

±

3539.2

2060.1

±

2517.5

< 0.0001

Sedentary time, hours/day

6.6

±

3.6

6.1

±

3.3

5.5

 

2.9

5.5

±

2.8

< 0.0001

5.5

±

2.9

6.3

±

3.3

< 0.0001

Menopause

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Yes

4

 

(1.3)

45

 

(87.7)

864

 

(86.8)

374

 

(100.0)

 

936

 

(75.2)

351

 

(43.7)

 

 No

309

 

(98.7)

321

 

(12.3)

132

 

(13.3)

0

 

(0.0)

 

309

 

(24.8)

453

 

(52.3)

 

Energy intake, kcal (n = 2216)

2180.6

±

765.3

2058.1

±

720.1

1976.0

±

672.9

1956.2

±

645.6

< 0.0001

1988.5

±

668.4

2054.2

±

695.0

0.05

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

181.2

±

28.1

195.5

±

30.6

205.6

±

34.1

200.8

±

34.4

< 0.0001

200.6

±

33.8

196.9

±

33.6

0.01

Triglyceride, logarithmic

4.3

±

0.4

4.5

±

0.4

4.7

±

0.4

4.8

±

0.4

< 0.0001

4.7

±

0.4

4.5

±

0.4

< 0.0001

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

62.8

±

14.5

62.8

±

14.2

60.9

±

14.4

58.1

±

13.5

< 0.0001

60.4

±

14.4

61.9

±

14.2

0.02

LDL cholesterol, mg/dL

101.5

±

24.8

112.7

±

26.8

121.3

±

29.9

117.1

±

30.8

< 0.0001

116.8

±

30.0

114.8

±

29.0

0.13

Lipid-lowering agent

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Yes

0

 

(0.0)

12

 

(3.3)

135

 

(13.6)

103

 

(27.5)

 

186

 

(14.9)

64

 

(8.0)

 

 No

313

 

(100.0)

354

 

(96.7)

861

 

(86.5)

271

 

(72.5)

 

1059

 

(85.1)

740

 

(92.0)

 

Obese, BMI ≥25 kg/m2

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Yes

47

 

(15.0)

80

 

(21.9)

278

 

(27.9)

118

 

(31.6)

 

374

 

(30.0)

154

 

(19.2)

 

 No

266

 

(85.0)

286

 

(78.2)

718

 

(72.2)

256

 

(68.4)

 

871

 

(70.0)

650

 

(80.8)

 

Hypertension

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Yes

6

 

(1.9)

47

 

(12.8)

241

 

(24.2)

122

 

(32.6)

 

307

 

(24.7)

109

 

(13.5)

 

 No

307

 

(98.1)

319

 

(87.2)

755

 

(75.8)

252

 

(67.4)

 

938

 

(75.3)

695

 

(86.5)

 

Diabetes mellitus

            

< 0.0001

      

< 0.0001

 Yes

1

 

(0.3)

10

 

(2.7)

76

 

(7.6)

46

 

(12.3)

 

109

 

(8.8)

24

 

(3.0)

 

 No

312

 

(99.7)

356

 

(7.3)

920

 

(92.4)

328

 

(87.7)

 

1136

 

(91.2)

780

 

(97.0)

 
  1. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
  2. P-value was derived from the independent t-test, the Wilcoxon rank sum test, chi-square test, or analysis of variance test for multiple comparisons
  3. Low education level refers to completion of high school or below; high education level refers to completion of college or above
  4. Abbreviation: BMI Body mass index, HDL High-density lipoprotein, LDL, Low-density lipoprotein, MET Metabolic equivalent of task
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X