Table 1 The results of ELISA between Sham, AS and EMPA group

1.56 ± 0.35

4.45 ± 1.18^###

2.05 ± 0.58^***

< 0.0001

33.37 ± 11.27

68.66 ± 7.94^##

53.38 ± 4.28^*

< 0.0001

5.31 ± 1.83

8.57 ± 2.32^#

6.49 ± 1.58

0.0549

6.97 ± 1.67

15.10 ± 2.05^##

12.16 ± 0.69^*

< 0.0001

60.72 ± 1.70

60.95 ± 2.92

59.32 ± 3.64

0.6401

72.48 ± 1.81

83.22 ± 5.79

82.47 ± 8.95

0.0327

335.2 ± 24.0

426.2 ± 34.63^#

392.3 ± 27.06^*

0.0026

143.4 ± 8.72

156.8 ± 6.24^##

147.5 ± 3.81^*

0.0208

269.6 ± 33.53

287.3 ± 11.96

305.5 ± 9.38

0.0692

115.8 ± 2.92

127.9 ± 6.20^##

111.2 ± 4.23^***

0.0003

73.77 ± 5.38

86.87 ± 4.29^##

77.94 ± 3.07^*

0.0045

91.82 ± 1.98

98.54 ± 2.62^##

89.72 ± 3.93^**

0.0026