Fig. 1

Effects of imipramine and verapamil on LPS/ATP-induced ASM activity and Cer production. The cells were treated with imipramine (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μmol/L), C2-Cer (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 μmol/L) and verapamil (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 μmol/L) for 24 h. a Imipramine; b C2-Cer; c Verapamil. The J774A.1 cells and THP-1 macrophages were incubated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 4 h, treated with imipramine or verapamil (10 μmol/L) for 3 h, and finally with ATP (5 mM) for 30 min. d. Effects of imipramine and verapamil on ASM activity in J774A.1 cells and THP-1 macrophages. e Effects of imipramine and verapamil on Cer formation in THP-1 macrophages. f, g Effects of imipramine and verapamil on Cer formation in J774A.1 cells. Bar = 50 μm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group; ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. LPS/ATP treatment group