Fig. 3

Inhibition of TXNIP attenuates LPS/ATP- or Cer-induced TXNIP expression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The J774A.1 cells and THP-1 macrophages were incubated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 4 h, treated with verapamil (10 μmol/L) for 3 h, and finally with ATP (5 mM) for 30 min. Effects of verapamil on the protein expression: c TXNIP; d NLRP3; e Caspase-1; f IL-1β; g IL-18. The J774A.1 cells and THP-1 macrophages were pretreated with verapamil (10 μmol/L) for 3 h or TXNIP siRNA and then incubated with C2-Cer (30 μmol/L) for 5 h. Effects of siRNA on the expression of TXNIP: i TXNIP protein; j TXNIP mRNA. Effects of verapamil or TXNIP siRNA on the protein expression: m TXNIP; n NLRP3; o Caspase-1; p IL-1β; q IL-18. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. control group; ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. LPS/ATP treatment group or C2-Cer treatment group