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Table 1 Prevalence of plasma lipid disorders across five Southeast Asian countries and Australia

From: Prevalence of plasma lipid disorders with an emphasis on LDL cholesterol in selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region

Prevalence

Australiaa

Indonesiab

Malaysiac

Philippinesd

Thailande

Vietnamf

Data source

Australian Health Survey: Biomedical Results for Chronic Diseases, 2011–12 [34]

Basic Health Research 2013 (Indonesia) [35]

National Health & Morbidity Survey (Malaysia) [36]

8th National Nutrition Survey Clinical and Health Survey (Philippines) [37]

National Health Examination Survey V (Thailand) [38]

National Survey on the Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases (STEPS) Viet Nam, 2015 [39]

Definition of high or ‘abnormal’ total cholesterol

≥5.5 mmol/L (213 mg/dL)

≥200 mg/dL

≥200 mg/dL

≥200 mg/dL

≥200 mg/dL

≥ 5.0 mmol/L or ≥ 190 mg/dL or currently on medication for elevated cholesterol

Prevalence of high or ‘abnormal’ total cholesterol (%)

32.8

35.9

47.7

47.2

43.8

30.2

Male vs. female (%)

32.4 vs. 33.2

30.0 vs. 39.6

43.5 vs. 52.2

41.9 vs. 51.8

40.8 vs. 46.7

25.2 vs. 35.0

Urban vs. rural (%)

–

39.5 vs. 32.1

47.7 vs. 47.7

50.7 vs. 43.5

45.2 vs. 42.7

–

Age group with highest prevalence (years)

55–64

–

55–59

50–59

45–59

50–69

Definition of high or ‘abnormal’ LDL-C

≥3.5 mmol/L (135 mg/dL)

≥130 mg/dL

–

≥130 mg/dL

–

–

Prevalence of high LDL-C (%)

33.2

41.9

–

47.5

–

–

Definition of low or ‘abnormal’ HDL-C

< 1.0 mmol/L for males (39 mg/dL) and < 1.3 mmol/L for females (50.3 mg/dL)

< 40 mg/dL

–

< 40 mg/dL for males and < 50 mg/dL for females

< 40 mg/dL for males and < 50 mg/dL for females

< 1.03 mmol/L or < 40 mg/dL; HDL-C for females: < 1.29 mmol/L or < 50 mg/dL

Prevalence of low or ‘abnormal’ HDL-C (%)

23.1

22.9

–

71.0

40.3

67.0 (males) 72.0 (females)

Definition of high or ‘abnormal’ TG

≥2.0 mmol/L (177.14 mg/dL)

≥150 mg/dL

–

≥150 mg/dL

≥150 mg/dL

–

Prevalence of high or ‘abnormal’ TG (%)

13.9

24.9

–

38.7

31.0

–

Sample size

~ 14,000

~ 39,000

~ 16,000

~ 19,000

~ 19,000

~ 4000

Sampling method

Stratified multistage area sampling of private dwellings

Multistage systematic random area sampling of households

Two stage stratified random area sampling of households

Multistage stratified area sampling of households

Stratified multistage sampling of population

Multistage stratified area sampling of households

Urban and/or rural sampling

Both urban and rural (very remote areas excluded)

Both urban and rural

Both urban and rural

Both urban and rural

Both urban and rural

Both urban and rural

Age range

≥18 years old

≥15 years old

≥18 years old

≥20 years old

≥15 years old

18–69 years old

Year data acquired

2011–2012

2013

2015

2013–2014

2014

2015

Finger prick

No

No (10 mL)

Yes

No (venous)

No (venous)

Yes

Fasted

Yes

–

Yes

Yes

Yes

–

  1. In instances where thresholds were provided in mmol/L, the equivalent threshold has also been expressed as mg/dL, which has been calculated using previously published conversion factors [40]
  2. Abbreviations: HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides