Table 2 Comparison of laboratory test results among three groups

FPG (mmol/L)

12.45 ± 1.29^a,b

9.39 ± 1.04^b

5.39 ± 0.87

936.87

<0.001

HbA₁C (%)

9.81 ± 0.17^b

9.01 ± 0.26^b

5.56 ± 0.54

3328.435

<0.001

TC (mmol/L)

4.78 ± 1.17

4.69 ± 1.12

4.39 ± 1.02

2.988

0.052

TG (mmol/L)

2.38 ± 0.13^b

2.33 ± 2.08^b

1.79 ± 0.37

6.315

0.002

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.17 ± 0.41

1.11 ± 0.37

1.03 ± 0.37

2.897

0.057

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.02 ± 0.98

2.85 ± 0.91

2.76 ± 0.91

1.704

0.184

CRP (mg/mL)

6.78 ± 0.47^a,b

3.45 ± 0.21^b

2.49 ± 0.24

4071.146

<0.001

IL-6 (pg/mL)

123.93 ± 30.93^a,b

80.99 ± 12.39^b

64.39 ± 8.73

209.132

<0.001

Visfatin (pg/mL) [M (Q_L,Q_U)]

667.93 (340.83,1093.89)^a,b

372.79 (334.93,470.93)^*

358.73 (332.98,428.71)

183.09

<0.001

JAZFl (pg/mL) [M (Q_L,Q_U)]

122.29 (86.39,253.29)^a,b

153.39 (132.91,203.29)^b

221.92 (204.92,341.92)

208.11

<0.001

FIns (μIU/mL)

12.09 ± 1.21^b

12.06 ± 1.34^b

15.41 ± 2.01

131.363

<0.001

HOMA-IR

6.54 ± 0.37^a,b

4.62 ± 0.36^b

3.56 ± 0.32

1586.769

<0.001

EAT thickness (mm)

5.58 ± 1.23^a,b

3.58 ± 0.78^b

2.71 ± 0.54

233.854

<0.001

baPWV

1698.23 ± 227.89^a,b

1607.46 ± 236.41^a,b

1320.28 ± 112.13

96.625

< 0.001