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Table 5 Associations between lipoprotein particle size with age, sex, and their interaction

From: Age and sex are associated with the plasma lipidome: findings from the GOLDN study

Lipoprotein Particle

Age β (SE)

Sex β (SE)

Age*Sex Interaction β (SE)

VLDL size (nm)

−0.090 (0.023)c

0.256 (0.504)

0.126 (0.031)c

LDL size (nm)

−0.003 (0.002)

0.587 (0.049)c

0.003 (0.003)

HDL size (nm)

0.001 (0.001)

0.359 (0.025)c

0.001 (0.002)

  1. Rows include regression coefficients (β) and standard errors from separate linear regression models with outcome of lipoprotein particle size (measured via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy). Each model includes age, sex, age*sex interaction, and BMI as covariates. In all models, age is centered at the mean age of 48.3 years, and the reference category for sex is male. All P-values are adjusted for multiple testing using a Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment to control the false discovery rate among each set of three coefficients at 0.05. Age coefficients (β) can be interpreted as the expected change in particle size (nm) for a one-year increase in age, among men, after adjustment for BMI. Sex coefficients (β) can be interpreted as the expected difference in particle size (nm) between women and men, at the mean age, after adjustment for BMI (positive values indicate larger expected size in women). Age*sex interaction coefficients (β) can be interpreted as the expected additional change in particle size (nm) for a one-year increase in age, among women (on top of the age coefficient for men), after adjustment for BMI. Put more simply, add the age coefficient and age*sex interaction coefficient together to find the expected change in particle size (nm) for a one-year increase in age, among women, after adjustment for BMI
  2. aadjusted P-value < 0.05
  3. badjusted P-value < 0.01
  4. cadjusted P-value < 0.001