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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of participants

From: LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio is associated with new-onset NAFLD in Chinese non-obese people with normal lipids: a 5-year longitudinal cohort study

LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio

Q1 (≥0.2, ≤1.1)

Q2 (> 1.1, ≤1.3)

Q3 (> 1.3, ≤1.5)

Q4 (> 1.5, ≤1.8)

Q5 (> 1.8, ≤3.0)

P-value

P-trend

N (%)

1953

1952

1955

1952

1955

  

Age, years

38.00 (31.00–50.00)

39.50 (31.00–50.00)

38.00 (31.00–51.00)

40.00 (32.00–51.00)

40.00 (31.00–50.00)

0.443

0.214

Gender

     

0.003

0.0004

 Female (%)

978 (50.08%)

993 (50.87%)

950 (48.59%)

945 (48.41%)

879 (44.96%)

  

 Male (%)

975 (49.92%)

959 (49.13%)

1005 (51.41%)

1007 (51.59%)

1076 (55.04%)

  

NAFLD (%)

58 (2.97%)

113 (5.79%)

145 (7.42%)

188 (9.63%)

337 (17.24%)

< 0.001

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

20.27 (18.95–21.72)

20.61 (19.26–22.19)

20.91 (19.47–22.37)

21.30 (19.84–22.83)

21.96 (20.44–23.38)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Weight, kg

53.95 (7.35)

55.22 (7.77)

56.61 (8.12)

57.93 (8.33)

60.38 (8.34)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Height, m

1.63 (0.07)

1.63 (0.07)

1.64 (0.08)

1.65 (0.08)

1.66 (0.08)

< 0.001

< 0.001

ALP, U/L

62.00 (52.00–76.00)

65.00 (54.00–79.00)

66.00 (56.00–81.00)

69.00 (57.00–81.00)

72.00 (59.00–86.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

GGT, U/L

18.00 (14.00–24.00)

18.00 (15.00–24.00)

19.00 (15.00–26.00)

20.00 (16.00–27.00)

22.00 (17.00–30.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

ALT, U/L

14.00 (11.00–20.00)

14.00 (11.00–19.00)

15.00 (11.00–21.00)

16.00 (12.00–21.00)

17.00 (13.00–24.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

AST, U/L

20.00 (17.50–24.00)

20.00 (18.00–24.00)

20.00 (18.00–24.00)

21.00 (18.00–24.00)

21.00 (18.00–25.00)

< 0.001

0.942

TP, g/L

73.48 (4.21)

73.46 (4.06)

73.70 (4.14)

73.90 (3.96)

74.15 (4.07)

< 0.001

< 0.001

ALB, g/L

44.25 (2.87)

44.34 (2.75)

44.29 (2.69)

44.31 (2.61)

44.28 (2.77)

0.879

0.883

GLB, g/L

29.24 (3.99)

29.12 (3.78)

29.41 (3.83)

29.59 (3.75)

29.87 (3.93)

< 0.001

< 0.001

TB, μmol/l

11.30 (8.80–14.60)

11.10 (8.70–14.10)

11.20 (8.80–14.30)

11.30 (8.93–14.50)

11.50 (9.00–14.50)

0.422

0.579

DBIL, μmol/l

2.20 (1.70–2.90)

2.10 (1.60–2.80)

2.10 (1.50–2.80)

2.10 (1.50–2.80)

2.10 (1.50–2.90)

0.004

0.960

SBP, mmHg

115.52 (15.69)

116.69 (15.68)

118.11 (16.43)

118.79 (16.25)

121.19 (15.82)

< 0.001

< 0.001

DBP, mmHg

68.00 (62.00–75.00)

69.00 (63.00–76.00)

70.00 (64.00–78.00)

71.00 (64.00–79.00)

72.00 (66.00–80.00)

< 0.001

< 0.001

BUN, mmol/l

4.20 (3.48–5.10)

4.20 (3.50–5.10)

4.30 (3.51–5.10)

4.40 (3.60–5.26)

4.40 (3.70–5.30)

< 0.001

< 0.001

CR, μmol/l

73.86 (22.90)

74.98 (26.15)

77.47 (29.89)

78.37 (23.72)

80.46 (22.96)

< 0.001

< 0.001

UA, mmol/l

241.46 (77.19)

251.44 (75.83)

261.97 (79.06)

275.10 (79.84)

288.05 (78.70)

< 0.001

< 0.001

FPG, mmol/l

4.90 (4.65–5.20)

4.93 (4.68–5.21)

4.98 (4.74–5.29)

4.99 (4.73–5.29)

5.06 (4.79–5.35)

< 0.001

< 0.001

TC, mmol/l

4.04 (3.64–4.45)

4.31 (3.89–4.68)

4.38 (3.99–4.73)

4.46 (4.10–4.80)

4.69 (4.38–4.94)

< 0.001

< 0.001

TG, mmol/l

0.76 (0.63–0.96)

0.85 (0.69–1.05)

0.93 (0.74–1.15)

1.01 (0.81–1.26)

1.14 (0.92–1.37)

< 0.001

< 0.001

HDL cholesterol, mmol/l

1.84 (1.66–2.02)

1.66 (1.49–1.80)

1.51 (1.36–1.63)

1.36 (1.25–1.49)

1.21 (1.12–1.31)

< 0.001

< 0.001

LDL cholesterol, mmol/l

1.63 (0.32)

1.97 (0.27)

2.13 (0.27)

2.29 (0.27)

2.55 (0.26)

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Values are n(%) or mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range)
  2. Abbreviations: NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, BMI body mass index, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Cr creatinine, UA uric acid, FPG fasting plasma glucose, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ALP Alkaline phosphatase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, TP Total Protein, ALB albumin, GLB globulin, TB Total bilirubin, DBIL Direct bilirubin, DBP diastolic blood pressure, SBP systolic blood pressure
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X