Table 1 Baseline features of research participants
Variables | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
<  1.15 (n = 365) | 1.15–1.39 (n = 361) | 1.40–1.69 (n = 364) | ≥ 1.70 (n = 372) | ||
Age, year | 68.15 ± 8.29 | 69.21 ± 8.18 | 69.26 ± 8.89 | 68.6 ± 8.54 | 0.279 |
Male, n (%) | 207 (56.71) | 178 (49.31) | 176 (47.31) | 172 (47.25) | 0.032 |
Residence, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.022 |
 Urban | 201 (55.07) | 206 (57.06) | 193 (51.88) | 229 (62.91) |  |
 Rural | 164 (45.93) | 155 (42.94) | 179 (48.12) | 135 (37.09) |  |
Educational level, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.081 |
 Secondary or higher | 86 (23.56) | 81 (22.44) | 61 (16.40) | 74 (20.33) |  |
 Primary or lower | 279 (76.44) | 280 (77.56) | 311 (83.60) | 290 (79.67) |  |
Job types, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.078 |
 Mental activity | 73 (20.0) | 72 (19.9) | 59 (15.9) | 67 (18.4) |  |
 Light physical activity | 93 (25.5) | 98 (27.1) | 116 (31.2) | 127 (34.9) |  |
 Heavy physical activity | 199 (54.5) | 191 (52.9) | 197 (53.0) | 170 (46.7) |  |
Alcohol intake, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.040 |
 Mild | 39 (10.68) | 42 (11.63) | 46 (12.37) | 60 (16.48) |  |
 Moderate | 326 (89.32) | 319 (88.37) | 326 (87.63) | 304 (83.52) |  |
 Heavy | 39 (10.7) | 42 (11.6) | 46 (12.4) | 60 (16.5) |  |
Smoking status, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.3810 |
 Non-smoker | 190 (52.1) | 197 (54.6) | 205 (55.1) | 182 (50.0) |  |
 Ex-smokers | 50 (13.7) | 63 (17.5) | 59 (15.9) | 64 (17.6) |  |
 Current smokers | 125 (34.2) | 101 (28.0) | 108 (29.0) | 118 (32.4) |  |
Staple food, g/day, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.119 | |
  ≤ 300 | 131 (35.9) | 150 (41.6) | 144 (38.7) | 163 (44.8) |  |
 350–450 | 131 (35.9) | 125 (34.6) | 129 (34.7) | 129 (35.4) |  |
  ≥ 500 g | 103 (28.2) | 86 (23.8) | 99 (26.6) | 72 (19.8) |  |
Egg consumption, a day, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.026 |
 0 | 59 (16.2) | 67 (18.6) | 52 (14.0) | 48 (13.2) |  |
 1 | 200 (54.8) | 205 (56.8) | 212 (57.0) | 184 (50.5) |  |
  > 1 | 106 (29.0) | 89 (24.7) | 108 (29.0) | 132 (36.3) |  |
Regular exercise, hours/week, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.572 | |
  < 3 | 145 (39.73) | 146 (40.44) | 157 (42.2) | 145 (39.84) |  |
 3–10 | 151 (41.37) | 151 (41.83) | 141 (37.90) | 163 (44.78) |  |
  > 10 | 69 (18.90) | 64 (17.73) | 74 (19.89) | 56 (15.38) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 ± 3.78 | 23.64 ± 3.84 | 22.75 ± 3.76 | 22.27 ± 3.85 | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.74 ± 0.92 | 1.55 ± 0.72 | 1.29 ± 0.57 | 1.28 ± 0.65 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.00 ± 0.95 | 3.17 ± 0.97 | 2.88 ± 0.99 | 2.89 ± 0.99 | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.06 ± 1.01 | 5.10 ± 1.01 | 5.19 ± 1.01 | 5.33 ± 0.84 | 0.003 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 233 (63.8) | 226 (62.6) | 31 (62.1) | 223 (61.3) | 0.910 |
Antihypertensive drug, n (%) | 58 (15.9) | 52 (14.4) | 52 (14.0) | 45 (12.4) | 0.595 |
CVD medication, n (%) | 57 (15.6) | 61 (16.9) | 43 (11.6) | 46 (12.6) | 0.131 |