Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: A multicenter study

Table 1 Clinical data in malignant and non-malignant IPMNs

	Training group (center 1 and Center 2)				Validation group (center 3)
	Total (n = 151)	Malignant IPMN (n = 47)	Non-malignant IPMN (n = 104)	P	Total (n = 75)	Malignant IPMN (n = 19)	Non-malignant IPMN (n = 56)	P
Age	63.28 ± 9.47	63.59 ± 8.99	62.60 ± 10.50	0.55	64.8 ± 8.90	68.42 ± 8.25	63.68 ± 8.86	0.44
Size	3.69 ± 1.98	3.93 ± 1.63	3.58 ± 2.11	0.34	3.1 ± 1.12	3.8 ± 1.33	2.5 ± 0.93	0.02
Sex(male/female)	95/56	34/13	61/43	0.11	49/26	11/8	38/18	0.43
Dysplasia				/				/
Low-intermediate grade	104	/	104		56	0	56
High-grade	24	24	0		11	11	0
Invasion	23	23	0		8	8	0
Type				< 0.01				< 0.01
Main	24	16	8		14	8	6
Branch	73	9	64		46	6	40
Mixed	54	22	32		15	5	10
Location				0.11				0.94
Head-neck	95	34	61		41	9	32
Body and Tail	56	13	43		34	10	24
CEA (ng/ml)	3.57 ± 3.61	4.75 ± 5.65	3.03 ± 1.95	0.09	3.99 ± 10.03	8.51 ± 19.29	2.43 ± 1.59	0.03
CA19-9 (U/ml)	48.68 ± 228.65	99.04 ± 396.08	26.19 ± 70.67	0.002	71.37 ± 204.27	132.83 ± 270.4	50.15 ± 174.53	0.13
HDL-c (mmol/L)	1.19 ± 0.39	1.10 ± 0.52	1.21 ± 0.31	0.38	1.02 ± 0.39	0.84 ± 0.41	1.08 ± 0.37	0.02
HDL-c < 0.7	9	7	2	< 0.01	12	9	3	< 0.01
LDL (mmol/L)	2.51 ± 0.82	2.52 ± 0.69	2.51 ± 0.89	0.95	2.27 ± 0.69	1.91 ± 0.65	2.40 ± 0.67	0.01
MPD diameter	0.61 ± 0.41	0.90 ± 0.49	0.48 ± 0.29	< 0.001		0.97 ± 0.42	0.43 ± 0.21	< 0.01
Pancreatitis	3	0	3	0.24	1	0	1	0.25
Diabetes	23	9	14	0.13	4	1	3	1.0
Lymph node metastasis (yes vs. no)	2	2	0	0.09		0	0	/
Peripancreatic extension	5	5	0	0.003	1	1	0	0.45
Mural nodule	17	13	4	< 0.01	8	5	3	0.01

Malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) were defined as those with high grade dysplasia and associated invasive carcinoma
CA 19 − 9: carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9; CEA: carcinoembryonic antigen; MPD: main pancreatic duct; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL: low density lipoprotein

ISSN: 1476-511X