Table 1 Demographic, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics of the study participants

n (%)

526 (30.09%)

1222 (69.91%)

< 0.01

464 (26.54%)

689 (39.42%)

< 0.01

62 (3.55%)

533 (30.49%)

< 0.01

Age (years)

46 (38, 57)

43 (34, 55)

< 0.01

45 (38, 56)

46 (36, 58)

0.368

55 (42, 65)

40 (33, 51)

< 0.01

SBP (mmHg)

130 (119, 144)

120 (108, 133)

< 0.01

130 (119, 143)

124 (114, 137)

< 0.01

132 (118, 151)

113 (104, 127)

< 0.01

DBP (mmHg)

80 (72, 87)

73 (65, 81)

< 0.01

80 (72, 88)

76 (68, 83)

< 0.01

77 (71, 84)

69 (62, 77)

< 0.01

FBG (mmol/l)

5.47 (5.07, 6.33)

5.10 (4.81, 5.46)

< 0.01

5.47 (5.07, 6.36)

5.17 (4.86, 5.58)

< 0.01

5.49 (5.15, 6.18)

5.02 (4.76, 5.33)

< 0.01

TC (mmol/l)

5.17 (4.54, 5.82)

4.89 (4.30, 5.54)

< 0.01

5.13 (4.53, 5.79)

4.90 (4.34, 5.62)

< 0.01

5.41 (4.61, 6.14)

4.89 (4.25, 5.47)

< 0.01

TG (mmol/l)

2.03 (1.41, 2.79)

1.11 (0.82, 1.57)

< 0.01

2.08 (1.46, 2.82)

1.21 (0.92, 1.74)

< 0.01

1.68 (1.35, 2.54)

0.96 (0.73, 1.33)

< 0.01

LDL (mmol/l)

3.26 (2.87, 3.75)

3.00 (2.54, 3.46)

< 0.01

3.24 (2.86, 3.67)

3.05 (2.63, 3.55)

< 0.01

3.43 (2.88, 3.92)

2.94 (2.47, 3.36)

< 0.01

WC (cm)

92.9 (88.0, 99.1)

82.0 (76.5, 87.8)

< 0.01

94.0 (88.6, 99.7)

84.2 (78.8, 90.1)

< 0.01

88.9 (85.6, 93.4)

78.8 (74.1, 84.0)

< 0.01

ABSI

0.081 (0.079, 0.083)

0.080 (0.078, 0.082)

< 0.01

0.081 (0.079, 0.083)

0.080 (0.077, 0.082)

< 0.01

0.081 (0.079, 0.083)

0.081 (0.079, 0.082)

0.334

AIP

0.59 (0.13, 0.98)

−0.18 (−0.56, 0.22)

< 0.01

0.63 (0.16, 0.99)

−0.03 (−0.037, 0.039)

< 0.01

0.33 (− 0.01, 0.72)

− 0.42 (− 0.76, 0)

< 0.01

AVI

17.3 (15.5, 19.7)

13.5 (11.8, 15.5)

< 0.01

17.7 (15.8, 19.9)

14.3 (12.5, 16.3)

< 0.01

15.8 (14.7, 17.4)

12.5 (11.1, 14.2)

< 0.01

BAI

27.3 (25.5, 20.3)

25.5 (23.8, 27.3)

< 0.01

27.0 (25.3, 28.9)

24.6 (22.9, 26.3)

< 0.01

29.8 (27.9, 31.9)

26.7 (24.8, 28.5)

< 0.01

BMI

26.5 (24.6, 28.5)

22.7 (20.5, 24.5)

< 0.01

26.7 (24.7, 28.6)

23.4 (21.5, 24.9)

< 0.01

25.5 (23.9, 26.9)

21.6 (19.9, 23.5)

< 0.01

BRI

4.36 (3.77, 5.00)

3.22 (2.72, 3.84)

< 0.01

4.32 (3.73, 5.00)

3.24 (2.75, 3.84)

< 0.01

4.52 (4.11, 5.01)

21.6 (19.9, 23.5)

< 0.01

CI

1.28 (1.25, 1.31)

1.23 (1.20, 1.27)

< 0.01

1.27 (1.24, 1.32)

1.23 (1.20, 1.27)

< 0.01

1.28 (1.25, 1.31)

1.23 (1.21, 1.26)

< 0.01

TyG

4.90 (4.71, 5.10)

4.56 (4.40, 4.75)

< 0.01

4.92 (4.72, 5.11)

4.62 (4.47, 4.81)

< 0.01

4.83 (4.66, 5.09)

4.47 (4.32, 4.67)

< 0.01

WHR

0.93 (0.90, 0.96)

0.88 (0.85, 0.91)

< 0.01

0.93 (0.90, 0.96)

0.88 (0.85, 0.92)

< 0.01

0.93 (0.90, 0.95)

0.87 (0.84, 0.90)

< 0.01

WHtR

0.55 (0.52, 0.58)

0.49 (0.46, 0.53)

< 0.01

0.55 (0.52, 0.58)

0.49 (0.47, 0.53)

< 0.01

0.56 (0.54, 0.58)

0.49 (0.46, 0.53)

< 0.01