From: High density lipoproteins and oxidative stress in breast cancer
HDL sample | Effect on breast cancer cells | Signaling pathways involved |
---|---|---|
Normal HDL | Decreased metastasis of MCF7 cells in the liver compared with control animals in which HDL was not injected. | Â |
Hypochlorite-oxidized HDL | Stimulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in vitro Promotion of breast cancer cell pulmonary and hepatic metastasis compared with normal HDL in vivo. | Protein kinase C (PKC) pathway |
Glycated HDL Copper-oxidized HDL | Stimulation of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion in vitro increased capacity of adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared with normal HDL | Protein kinase C (PKC) pathway |
HDL isolated from T2DM patients | Promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells Promoted the metastasis capacity of breast cancer cells in vivo Increased capacity of adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) compared with normal HDL | Activation of Akt, ERK, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways |
HDL isolated from breast cancer patients complicated with T2DM | Promoted breast cancer cell adhesion to HUVECs and stimulated higher intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) | Activation of PKC pathway ERK and p38 MAPK pathways |