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Fig. 3 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 3

From: Palmitic acid causes increased dihydroceramide levels when desaturase expression is directly silenced or indirectly lowered by silencing AdipoR2

Fig. 3

AdipoR2 has a stronger effect than AdipoR1 on sphingolipid levels (data from JLR_2019). The sum of ceramides or glucosylceramides in cells cultured in basal media (containing BSA only) or in the presence of 200 μM palmitic acid (PA; conjugated to BSA) and treated with the indicated siRNAs are shown as box plots while their fatty acid composition is shown as heat maps. A-C are results from HEK293 cells and D-F from HepG2 cells. In the box plots, boxes indicate the 25th to 75th percentile while the whiskers indicate the data points still within 1.5 of the box range. For A-D, significant differences from the NT (non-targeting) siRNA control were determined using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Dunnett tests, with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. For the heat maps, the amount of each lipid species was normalized to the average of the NT + 200 μM PA treatment and the heat maps show fold differences from the mean across all treatments (each column is a replicate); only lipid species with significantly different levels among siRNAs in a given culture condition are included (ANOVA, q < 0.05)

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