Fig. 5From: Palmitic acid causes increased dihydroceramide levels when desaturase expression is directly silenced or indirectly lowered by silencing AdipoR2AdipoR2 silencing causes increased incorporation of palmitate into phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines and ceramide (data from d31PA100). (A) and (B) shows the levels of d31-PA incorporation in phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) of HEK293 cells grown in 100 μM d31-PA and treated with Non-target siRNA (NT), AdipoR1 siRNA or AdipoR2 siRNA. The sums of ceramides (Cer) and glucosylceramides (GluCer) species containing d31-PA (C-D) or unlabeled fatty acids (E-F) are shown as box plots while their fatty acid composition is shown as a heat map (G). In the box plots, boxes indicate the 25th to 75th percentile while the whiskers indicate the data points still within 1.5 of the box range. For A-F, significant differences from the NT siRNA control were determined using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Dunnett tests, with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. For the heat map, the amount of each lipid species was normalized to the average of the NT + 100 μM d31PA treatment and the heat maps show fold differences from the mean across all treatments (each column is a replicate); only lipid species with significantly different levels among siRNAs in a given culture condition are included (ANOVA, q < 0.05)Back to article page