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Table 2 Association of mean and variability indexes of LDL cholesterol during follow-up with outcomes

From: Prognostic significance of visit-to-visit variability, and maximum and minimum LDL cholesterol in diabetes mellitus

Outcomes

Model

Total population (n=5340)

Fenofibrate (n=2673)

Placebo (n=2667)

HR (95%CI)

P

HR (95%CI)

P

HR (95%CI)

P

Primary outcome

Mean (+20 mg/dL)

Model 1

1.32 (1.16-1.33)

0.001

1.31 (1.19-1.45)

<0.0001

1.34 (1.16-1.54)

<0.0001

CV (+9.2%)

Model 1

1.19 (1.10-1.29)

<0.0001

1.31 (1.17-1.46)

<0.0001

1.09 (0.97-1.22)

0.13

 

Model 2

1.22 (1.13-1.32)

<0.0001

1.32 (1.19-1.48)

<0.0001

1.12 (1.00-1.26)

0.04

VIM (+6 U)

Model 1

1.21 (1.12-1.31)

<0.0001

1.32 (1.18-1.48)

<0.0001

1.10 (0.98-1.23)

0.08

 

Model 2

1.22 (1.13-1.33)

<0.0001

1.33 (1.19-1.49)

<0.0001

1.13 (1.00-1.26)

0.04

ARV (+10 mg/dL)

Model 1

1.28 (1.19-1.38)

<0.0001

1.32 (1.18-1.43)

<0.0001

1.24 (1.11-1.39)

<0.0001

 

Model 2

1.27 (1.17-1.38)

<0.0001

1.36 (1.19-1.49)

<0.0001

1.19 (1.05-1.35)

0.005

Total mortality

Mean (+20 mg/dL)

Model 1

1.32 (1.19-1.46)

<0.0001

1.25 (1.07-1.46)

0.004

1.37 (1.20-1.56)

<0.0001

CV (+9.2%)

Model 1

1.07 (0.97-1.18)

0.19

1.26 (1.10-1.44)

0.001

0.93 (0.81-1.07)

0.29

 

Model 2

1.12 (1.01-1.23)

0.03

1.29 (1.13-1.49)

0.0003

0.98 (0.85-1.13)

0.77

VIM (+6 U)

Model 1

1.15 (1.05-1.27)

0.004

1.26 (1.12-1.43)

0.0003

1.06 (0.92-1.22)

0.45

 

Model 2

1.13 (1.03-1.25)

0.01

1.25 (1.10-1.42)

0.0007

1.04 (0.90-1.19)

0.63

ARV (+10 mg/dL)

Model 1

1.37 (1.26-1.49)

<0.0001

1.35 (1.21-1.52)

<0.0001

1.40 (1.24-1.59)

<0.0001

 

Model 2

1.29 (1.17-1.42)

<0.0001

1.31 (1.15-1.51)

<0.0001

1.29 (1.12-1.48)

0.0006

Cardiovascular mortality

Mean (+20 mg/dL)

Model 1

1.34 (1.16-1.54)

<0.0001

1.30 (1.05-1.62)

0.018

1.36 (1.13-1.64)

0.001

CV (+9.2%)

Model 1

1.04 (0.90-1.20)

0.59

1.33 (1.10-1.61)

0.003

0.83 (0.67-1.01)

0.07

 

Model 2

1.09 (0.94-1.26)

0.27

1.37 (1.13-1.66)

0.001

0.86 (0.70-1.07)

0.17

VIM (+6 U)

Model 1

1.17 (1.02-1.34)

0.02

1.38 (1.18-1.61)

<0.0001

0.96 (0.78-1.18)

0.68

 

Model 2

1.15 (1.00-1.31)

0.047

1.35 (1.16-1.59)

0.0002

0.94 (0.76-1.15)

0.53

ARV (+10 mg/dL)

Model 1

1.37 (1.22-1.55)

<0.0001

1.44 (1.24-1.68)

<0.0001

1.29 (1.07-1.55)

0.008

 

Model 2

1.28 (1.11-1.47)

0.0006

1.40 (1.17-1.68)

0.0003

1.15 (0.93-1.42)

0.19

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for therapy group (if applicable), sex, and baseline age, education, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking, drinking, and fasting plasma glucose. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for mean LDL-C during visits. VIM indicates variability independent of the mean; ARV, average real variability; and MMD, the difference of maximum minus minimum LDL