Table 1 Baseline characteristic of the participants included in the analysis according to AIP quartiles

N

2331

2329

2330

2333

AIP, mean (SD)

−0.39 (0.12)

− 0.13 (0.05)

0.05 (0.06)

0.35 (0.17)

< 0.001

Female, n (%)

1056 (45.30%)

891 (38.26%)

760 (32.62%)

600 (25.72%)

< 0.001

 Intensive, n (%)

1168 (50.11%)

1173 (50.36%)

1171 (50.26%)

1150 (49.29%)

0.882

BMI (Kg/m2), median (Q1-Q3)

27.02 (24.05–30.87)

28.59 (25.69–32.40)

29.63 (26.69–33.49)

30.42 (27.52–34.14)

< 0.001

 Overall

70.01 (9.53)

68.44 (9.41)

67.66 (9.19)

65.51 (8.98)

< 0.001

  ≥ 75y, n (%)

871 (37.37%)

700 (30.06%)

615 (26.39%)

455 (19.50%)

< 0.001

Race, n (%)

< 0.001

 Non-Hispanic White

1207 (51.78%)

1303 (55.95%)

1382 (59.31%)

1494 (64.04%)

 Non-Hispanic Black

919 (39.43%)

790 (33.92%)

622 (26.70%)

454 (19.46%)

 Hispanic

160 (6.86%)

201 (8.63%)

280 (12.02%)

337 (14.44%)

 Other

45 (1.93%)

35 (1.50%)

46 (1.97%)

48 (2.06%)

 Systolic (mm Hg)

140.94 (16.03)

139.82 (15.52)

139.20 (15.58)

138.71 (15.09)

< 0.001

 Diastolic (mm Hg)

77.15 (12.42)

78.00 (11.83)

77.85 (11.45)

79.51 (11.93)

< 0.001

< 0.001

  ≤ 132 mmHg

712 (30.54%)

792 (34.01%)

798 (34.25%)

822 (35.23%)

  > 132 to < 145 mmHg

738 (31.66%)

738 (31.69%)

771 (33.09%)

779 (33.39%)

  ≥ 145 mmHg

881 (37.79%)

799 (34.31%)

761 (32.66%)

732 (31.38%)

Baseline heart rate, bpm

65.39 (11.33)

65.79 (11.44)

66.11 (11.72)

67.61 (11.82)

< 0.001

Serum creatinine, mg/dL

1.04 (0.32)

1.07 (0.32)

1.07 (0.34)

1.12 (0.37)

< 0.001

Urine Albumin/Creatinine ratio, mg/g Cr, median (Q1-Q3)

9.84 (5.86–20.75)

9.09 (5.49–19.97)

9.33 (5.62–22.82)

9.71 (5.57–23.00)

0.047

Estimated GFR, mL.min − 1 1.73 m − 2, median (Q1-Q3)

72.32 (59.75–86.22)

70.92 (57.90–83.91)

71.84 (58.38–84.95)

70.17 (56.49–83.44)

< 0.001

Fasting total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (Q1-Q3)

187.00 (162.00–214.00)

183.00 (158.00–209.00)

185.00 (158.00–212.00)

193.00 (168.00–223.00)

< 0.001

Fasting total TGs, mg/dL, median (Q1-Q3)

63.00 (54.00–74.00)

90.00 (80.00–104.00)

123.00 (109.00–138.00)

194.00 (162.00–242.00)

< 0.001

Fasting HDL-C, mg/dL, median (Q1-Q3)

66.00 (57.00–76.00)

53.00 (48.00–60.00)

47.00 (42.00–53.00)

40.00 (36.00–46.00)

< 0.001

Fasting glucose, mg/dL, median (Q1-Q3)

95.00 (89.00–101.00)

96.00 (90.00–104.00)

98.00 (91.00–106.00)

100.00 (93.00–109.00)

< 0.001

Statin use, n (%)

916 (39.65%)

1042 (44.99%)

1081 (46.76%)

1007 (43.33%)

< 0.001

Aspirin use, n (%)

1182 (50.86%)

1197 (51.42%)

1224 (52.65%)

1144 (49.16%)

0.120

TG-lowering drug, n (%)

533 (22.88%)

576 (24.73%)

653 (28.03%)

619 (26.53%)

< 0.001

Smoking status, n (%)

0.006

 Never smoked

1088 (46.68%)

1031 (44.27%)

1024 (43.95%)

968 (41.49%)

 Former smoker

964 (41.36%)

994 (42.68%)

1006 (43.18%)

999 (42.82%)

 Current smoker

276 (11.84%)

302 (12.97%)

296 (12.70%)

364 (15.60%)

Framingham 10-y CVD risk score, %, median (Q1-Q3)

14.71 (10.27–21.61)

16.80 (11.33–24.24)

18.49 (12.68–26.77)

21.39 (15.08–30.26)

< 0.001

Previous CVD, n (%)

420 (18.02%)

466 (20.01%)

502 (21.55%)

481 (20.62%)

0.021

Previous CKD, n (%)

596 (25.57%)

673 (28.90%)

641 (27.51%)

735 (31.50%)

< 0.001

Primary outcome

103 (4.42%)

137 (5.88%)

150 (6.44%)

171 (7.33%)

< 0.001