Fig. 3

Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analysis for the dose-response relationship between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and risk of ischemic stroke (IS) and systemic embolism (SEE). The solid red line represents the odds ratio (OR) and the dashed lines represent the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Knots at the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles. The purple curve represents the per cent of the density distribution of Lp(a) in the study population (right y-axis). The model was adjusted for ethnicity, CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, anticoagulants, lipid-lowering medications, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, and red-cell distribution width